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Related papers: TMD Soft Function from Large-Momentum Effective Th…

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We initiate the study of transverse momentum-dependent (TMD) fragmentation functions for heavy quarks, demonstrate their factorization in terms of novel nonperturbative matrix elements in heavy-quark effective theory (HQET), and prove new…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-10-06 Rebecca von Kuk , Johannes K. L. Michel , Zhiquan Sun

Nonrelativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD) breaks down in the region of low transverse momentum, where the transverse momentum of the produced quarkonium state is sensitive to multiple scattering with the incoming hadron and to soft…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-10-03 Miguel G. Echevarria , Samuel F. Romera , Pieter Taels

Different exclusive processes have been proposed to access the generalized transverse momentum dependent distributions (GTMDs) with no proof of factorization, which allows to rigorously define the GTMDs. Using Soft Collinear Effective…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-04-11 Miguel G. Echevarria , Patricia A. Gutierrez Garcia , Ignazio Scimemi

We provide a concise overview on transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions, their application to topical issues in high-energy physics phenomenology, and their theoretical connections with QCD resummation, evolution…

We present the perturbative calculation of the leading-twist gluon transverse momentum dependent distribution functions (TMDPDFs) at one-loop level within large-momentum effective theory. By employing the basis of circular polarizations, we…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-10 Xiupeng Xie , Zhun Lu

The soft emission factor is a central ingredient in the factorization of generic $n$-particle gauge theory amplitudes with one soft gluon in the external state. We present the complete two-loop soft factor, capturing the leading power…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-05-24 Lance J. Dixon , Enrico Herrmann , Kai Yan , Hua Xing Zhu

Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs), in short referred to as TMDs, also take into account the transverse momentum (pT) of the partons. Just as the pT-integrated analogues we want to link them to quark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-17 M. G. A. Buffing , P. J. Mulders , A. Mukherjee

We propose a new definition of a transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) wave function with simpler soft subtraction for $k_T$ factorization of hard exclusive processes. The un-subtracted wave function involves two pieces of non-light-like…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-03 Hsiang-nan Li , Yu-Ming Wang

Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs), TMDs for short, are defined as the Fourier transform of matrix elements of nonlocal combinations of quark and gluon fields. The nonlocality is bridged by gauge links,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-09-30 D. Boer , M. G. A. Buffing , P. J. Mulders

We demonstrate that gluon transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) can be extracted from lattice calculations of appropriate Euclidean correlations in large-momentum effective theory (LaMET). Based on…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-02-14 Ruilin Zhu , Yao Ji , Jian-Hui Zhang , Shuai Zhao

In a high-energy scattering process with hadrons in the initial state, color is involved. Transverse momentum dependent distribution functions (TMDs) describe the quark and gluon distributions in these hadrons in momentum space with the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-23 M. G. A. Buffing , A. Mukherjee , P. J. Mulders

We introduce the transverse momentum dependent fragmenting jet function (TMDFJF), which appears in factorization theorems for cross sections for jets with an identified hadron. These are functions of $z$, the hadron's longitudinal momentum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-06-09 Reggie Bain , Yiannis Makris , Thomas Mehen

Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs) also take into account the transverse momentum ($p_T$) of the partons. The $p_T$-integrated analogues can be linked directly to quark and gluon matrix elements using…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-04-02 P. J. Mulders , M. G. A. Buffing

We use vNRQCD to study power corrections in the ${\rm v}$ expansion due to soft gluon radiation during $J/\psi$ production at small transverse momentum. We categorize four new $J/\psi$ production operators that mediate the transition of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-04 Marston Copeland , Sean Fleming , Reed Hodges

Light-front wave functions play a fundamental role in the light-front quantization approach to QCD and hadron structure. However, a naive implementation of the light-front quantization suffers from various subtleties including the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-05-04 Xiangdong Ji , Yizhuang Liu

We study the unintegrated, or transverse momentum dependent (TMD) gluon distribution obtained from the best description of the LHC data on the inclusive spectra of hadrons produced in the mid-rapidity region and low transverse momenta at…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-01-15 A. V. Lipatov , G. I. Lykasov , N. P. Zotov

I discuss the factorization-compatible definitions of transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) pion wave functions which are fundamental theory inputs entering QCD factorization formulae for many hard exclusive processes. I will first…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-04-20 Yu-Ming Wang

In the original Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) presentation of the results of transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) factorization for the Drell-Yan process, results for perturbative coefficients can be obtained from calculations for collinear…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-09-20 John Collins , Ted C. Rogers

Soft-gluon resolution scales characterize parton branching Monte Carlo implementations of the evolution equations for parton distribution functions in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). We examine scenarios with dynamical, i.e., branching-scale…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-11 F. Hautmann , L. Keersmaekers , A. Lelek , S. Sadeghi Barzani , S. Taheri Monfared

We investigate the leading-twist transverse momentum-dependent distribution functions (TMDs) for a physical electron, a spin-1/2 composite system consisting of a bare electron and a photon, using the Basis Light-front Quantization (BLFQ)…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-10 Zhi Hu , Siqi Xu , Chandan Mondal , Xingbo Zhao , James P. Vary