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Measurement incompatibility is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics. In the context of estimating multiple parameters of a quantum system, this manifests as a fundamental trade-off between the precisions with which different parameters can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Simon K. Yung , Aritra Das , Jun Suzuki , Ping Koy Lam , Jie Zhao , Lorcán O. Conlon , Syed M. Assad

We calculate the quantum Cram\'er--Rao bound for the sensitivity with which one or several parameters, encoded in a general single-mode Gaussian state, can be estimated. This includes in particular the interesting case of mixed Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-08 Olivier Pinel , Pu Jian , Claude Fabre , Nicolas Treps , Daniel Braun

We calculate the quantum Cram\'er--Rao bound for the sensitivity with which one or several parameters, encoded in a general single-mode Gaussian state, can be estimated. This includes in particular the interesting case of mixed Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 O. Pinel , P. Jian , N. Treps , C. Fabre , and D. Braun

We consider the problem of quantum multi-parameter estimation with experimental constraints and formulate the solution in terms of a convex optimization. Specifically, we outline an efficient method to identify the optimal strategy for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Kevin C. Young , Mohan Sarovar , Robert Kosut , K. Birgitta Whaley

The laws of quantum mechanics place fundamental limits on the accuracy of measurements and therefore on the estimation of unknown parameters of a quantum system. In this work, we prove lower bounds on the size of confidence regions reported…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-23 Michael Walter , Joseph M. Renes

We study the existence of the maximal quantum Fisher information matrix in multi-parameter quantum estimation, which bounds the ultimate precision limit. We show that when the maximal quantum Fisher information matrix exists, it can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Yu Chen , Haidong Yuan

Difficult it is to formulate achievable sensitivity bounds for quantum multiparameter estimation. Consider a special case, one parameter from many: many parameters of a process are unknown; estimate a specific linear combination of these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-21 Jonathan A. Gross , Carlton M. Caves

The Quantum Fisher information (QFI) quantifies the ultimate precision of estimating a parameter from a quantum state, and can be regarded as a reliability measure of a quantum system as a quantum sensor. However, estimation of the QFI for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-03 Jacob L. Beckey , M. Cerezo , Akira Sone , Patrick J. Coles

We investigate the quantum Cramer-Rao bounds on the joint multiple-parameter estimation with the Gaussian state as a probe. We derive the explicit right logarithmic derivative and symmetric logarithmic derivative operators in such a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-22 Yang Gao , Hwang Lee

We present a quantum algorithm to estimate parameters at the quantum metrology limit using deterministic quantum computation with one bit. When the interactions occurring in a quantum system are described by a Hamiltonian $H= \theta H_0$,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-03 Rolando D. Somma , Sergio Boixo

Uncertainty relations in quantum mechanics express bounds on our ability to simultaneously obtain knowledge about expectation values of non-commuting observables of a quantum system. They quantify trade-offs in accuracy between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-16 Ilya Kull , Philippe Allard Guérin , Frank Verstraete

As we enter the era of quantum technologies, quantum estimation theory provides an operationally motivating framework for determining high precision devices in modern technological applications. The aim of any estimation process is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-02 Abdallah Slaoui , Lalla Btissam Drissi , El Hassan Saidi , Rachid Ahl Laamara

The simultaneous quantum estimation of multiple parameters can provide a better precision than estimating them individually. This is an effect that is impossible classically. We review the rich background of multi-parameter quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-28 Magdalena Szczykulska , Tillmann Baumgratz , Animesh Datta

Quantum measurements are not deterministic. For this reason quantum measurements are repeated for a number of shots on identically prepared systems. The uncertainty in each measurement depends on the number of shots and the expected outcome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Pieter Thijs Eendebak

Quantum Fisher information matrix (QFIM) is a core concept in theoretical quantum metrology due to the significant importance of quantum Cram\'{e}r-Rao bound in quantum parameter estimation. However, studies in recent years have revealed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-27 Jing Liu , Haidong Yuan , Xiao-Ming Lu , Xiaoguang Wang

The quantum Fisher information (QFI) is a fundamental quantity of interest in many areas from quantum metrology to quantum information theory. It can in particular be used as a witness to establish the degree of multi-particle entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-26 Aniket Rath , Cyril Branciard , Anna Minguzzi , Benoît Vermersch

We investigate simultaneous estimation of multi-parameter quantum estimation with time-dependent Hamiltonians. We analytically obtain the maximal quantum Fisher information matrix for two-parameter in time-dependent three-level systems. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-06 Dong Xie , Chunling Xu

We investigate quantum parameter estimation based on linear and Kerr-type nonlinear controls in an open quantum system, and consider the dissipation rate as an unknown parameter. We show that while the precision of parameter estimation is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-12 Beili Gong , Wei Cui

Relevant metrological scenarios involve the simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters. The fundamental ingredient to achieve quantum-enhanced performances is based on the use of appropriately tailored quantum probes. However, reaching…

Simultaneously estimating multiple parameters at the ultimate limit is a central challenge in quantum metrology, often hindered by inherent incompatibilities in optimal estimation strategies. At its most extreme, this incompatibility…