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Synthetic oversampling of minority examples using SMOTE and its variants is a leading strategy for addressing imbalanced classification problems. Despite the success of this approach in practice, its theoretical foundations remain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-24 Touqeer Ahmad , Mohammadreza M. Kalan , François Portier , Gilles Stupfler

The Synthetic Minority Oversampling TEchnique (SMOTE) is widely-used for the analysis of imbalanced datasets. It is known that SMOTE frequently over-generalizes the minority class, leading to misclassifications for the majority class, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Saptarshi Bej , Narek Davtyan , Markus Wolfien , Mariam Nassar , Olaf Wolkenhauer

The long-standing challenge of building effective classification models for small and imbalanced datasets has seen little improvement since the creation of the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) over 20 years ago. Though GAN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Leon O. Guertler , Andri Ashfahani , Anh Tuan Luu

Churn prediction in credit cards, fraud detection in insurance, and loan default prediction are important analytical customer relationship management (ACRM) problems. Since frauds, churns and defaults happen less frequently, the datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Prateek Kate , Vadlamani Ravi , Akhilesh Gangwar

Training a classification model on a dataset where the instances of one class outnumber those of the other class is a challenging problem. Such imbalanced datasets are standard in real-world situations such as fraud detection, medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Anubha Kabra , Ayush Chopra , Nikaash Puri , Pinkesh Badjatiya , Sukriti Verma , Piyush Gupta , Balaji K

Forums play an important role in providing a platform for community interaction. The introduction of irrelevant content or spam by individuals for commercial and social gains tends to degrade the professional experience presented to the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Pratik Ratadiya , Rahul Moorthy

A natural way of handling imbalanced data is to attempt to equalise the class frequencies and train the classifier of choice on balanced data. For two-class imbalanced problems, the classification success is typically measured by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Ludmila I. Kuncheva , Álvar Arnaiz-González , José-Francisco Díez-Pastor , Iain A. D. Gunn

The effectiveness of machine learning models, particularly in unbalanced classification tasks, is often hindered by the failure to differentiate between critical instances near the decision boundary and redundant samples concentrated in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Samir Brahim Belhaouari , Yunis Carreon Kahalan , Humaira Shaffique , Ismael Belhaouari , Ashhadul Islam

Cybersecurity has become essential worldwide and at all levels, concerning individuals, institutions, and governments. A basic principle in cybersecurity is to be always alert. Therefore, automation is imperative in processes where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Mateo Lopez-Ledezma , Gissel Velarde

The presence of a large number of bots in Online Social Networks (OSN) leads to undesirable social effects. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are effective in detecting bots as they utilize user interactions. However, class-imbalanced issues can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Shuhao Shi , Kai Qiao , Jie Yang , Baojie Song , Jian Chen , Bin Yan

Imbalanced classification and spurious correlation are common challenges in data science and machine learning. Both issues are linked to data imbalance, with certain groups of data samples significantly underrepresented, which in turn would…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Ryumei Nakada , Yichen Xu , Lexin Li , Linjun Zhang

Classification imbalance arises when one class is much rarer than the other. We frame this setting as transfer learning under label (prior) shift between an imbalanced source distribution induced by the observed data and a balanced target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-16 Eric Xia , Jason M. Klusowski

One possible approach to tackle the class imbalance in classification tasks is to resample a training dataset, i.e., to drop some of its elements or to synthesize new ones. There exist several widely-used resampling methods. Recent research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Smolyakov Dmitry , Alexander Korotin , Pavel Erofeev , Artem Papanov , Evgeny Burnaev

Class imbalance classification is a challenging research problem in data mining and machine learning, as most of the real-life datasets are often imbalanced in nature. Existing learning algorithms maximise the classification accuracy by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Farshid Rayhan , Sajid Ahmed , Asif Mahbub , Md. Rafsan Jani , Swakkhar Shatabda , Dewan Md. Farid

Hypergraphs are increasingly utilized in both unimodal and multimodal data scenarios due to their superior ability to model and extract higher-order relationships among nodes, compared to traditional graphs. However, current hypergraph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Ziming Zhao , Tiehua Zhang , Zijian Yi , Zhishu Shen

Class imbalance in supervised classification often degrades model performance by biasing predictions toward the majority class, particularly in critical applications such as medical diagnosis and fraud detection. Traditional oversampling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-16 Suman Cha , Hyunjoong Kim

Class imbalance and group (e.g., race, gender, and age) imbalance are acknowledged as two reasons in data that hinder the trade-off between fairness and utility of machine learning classifiers. Existing techniques have jointly addressed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Ryosuke Sonoda

In predictive tasks, real-world datasets often present different degrees of imbalanced (i.e., long-tailed or skewed) distributions. While the majority (the head) classes have sufficient samples, the minority (the tail) classes can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Chongsheng Zhang , Paolo Soda , Jingjun Bi , Gaojuan Fan , George Almpanidis , Salvador Garcia

In this article, we propose a novel oversampling algorithm to increase the number of instances of minority class in an imbalanced dataset. We select two instances, Proxima and Orion, from the set of all minority class instances, based on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Pankaj Yadav , Vivek Vijay , Gulshan Sihag

Rapid advancements in genome sequencing have led to the collection of vast amounts of genomics data. Researchers may be interested in using machine learning models on such data to predict the pathogenicity or clinical significance of a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-15 Arshmeet Kaur , Morteza Sarmadi