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The Lorentz symmetry and the space and time translational symmetry are fundamental symmetries of nature. Crystals are the manifestation of the continuous space translational symmetry being spontaneously broken into a discrete one. We argue…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-02-20 Pei Wang

Time crystals are many-body systems whose ground state spontaneously breaks time-translation symmetry and thus exhibits long-range spatiotemporal order and robust periodic motion. Using hydrodynamics, we have recently shown how an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-15 R. Hurtado-Gutiérrez , C. Pérez-Espigares , P. I. Hurtado

A spacetime crystal is a phase of matter that spontaneously develops periodic order in both space and time. Spacetime crystals have been experimentally observed in microscopic quantum many-body systems and, very recently, in a mesoscopic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-11 Guoqing Liu , Jimin Bai , Matteo Baggioli , Jie Zhang

Floquet time crystal, which breaks discrete time-translation symmetry, is an intriguing phenomenon in non-equilibrium systems. It is crucial to understand the rigidity and robustness of discrete time crystal (DTC) phases in a many-body…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2023-05-16 Peng Xu , Tian-Shu Deng

Symmetries are well known to have had a profound role in our understanding of nature and are a critical design concept for the realization of advanced technologies. In fact, many symmetry-broken states associated with different phases of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-01 A. Sakurai , V. M. Bastidas , W. J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

A cornerstone assumption that most literature on discrete time crystals has relied on is that homogeneous Floquet systems generally heat to a featureless infinite temperature state, an expectation that motivated researchers in the field to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-01-04 Andrea Pizzi , Daniel Malz , Giuseppe De Tomasi , Johannes Knolle , Andreas Nunnenkamp

Time crystals are exotic phases of matter characterized by a broken time-translational symmetry, such that the ground state of the system evolves in time in a periodic fashion. Even though the time-crystal concept was introduced relatively…

Classical Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Mario G. Silveirinha

Investigation of states with a periodic time dependence of physical quantities attracts a considerable interest now. Although it has been proposed initially that such states (coined Quantum Time Crystals) might be macroscopic and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-11-07 Konstantin B. Efetov

Discrete time crystals are a special phase of matter in which time translational symmetry is broken through a periodic driving pulse. Here, we first propose and characterize an effective mechanism to generate a stable discrete time crystal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Rozhin Yousefjani , Krzysztof Sacha , Abolfazl Bayat

A broken time-reversal symmetry, i.e. broken detailed balance, is central to non-equilibrium physics and is a prerequisite for life. However, it turns out to be quite challenging to unambiguously define and quantify time-reversal symmetry…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-03-20 Cai Dieball , Aljaž Godec

Many-body quantum systems, under suitable conditions, exhibit time-translation symmetry breaking and settle in a discrete time crystalline (DTC) phase -- an out-of-equilibrium quantum phase of matter. The defining feature of DTC is a robust…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Gourab Das , Saptarshi Saha , Rangeet Bhattacharyya

We study the dynamics of out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) and entanglement of entropy as quantitative measures of information propagation in disordered many-body systems exhibiting Floquet time-crystal (FTC) phases. We find that OTOC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Himanshu Sahu , Fernando Iemini

We provide numerical evidence for a temporal quantum-mechanical interference phenomenon: time molecules (TM). A variety of such stroboscopic states are observed in the dynamics of two interacting qubits subject to a periodic sequence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-08 K. V. Shulga , I. Vakulchyk , Y. Nakamura , S. Flach , M. V. Fistul

We study an Ising model with long-range interactions undergoing a time-periodic kicking. For different initial states we observe persistent period doubling. When there is period doubling we find that the initial state has relevant overlap…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-23 Ángel L. Corps , Armando Relaño , Angelo Russomanno

Boundary time crystals (BTC's) are non-equilibrium phases of matter occurring in quantum systems in contact to an environment, for which a macroscopic fraction of the many body system breaks time translation symmetry. We study BTC's in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-05-24 Luis Fernando dos Prazeres , Leonardo da Silva Souza , Fernando Iemini

Continuous time crystal (CTC) and quasi-crystal (CTQC) are two novel phases of matter characterized by the spontaneous breaking of continuous time-translation symmetry. To date, realizations of CTCs with periodic oscillations have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Ying Huang , Tishuo Wang , Haochuan Yin , Min Jiang , Zhihuang Luo , Xinhua Peng

The meaning of time asymmetry in quantum physics is discussed. On the basis of a mathematical theorem, the Stone--von Neumann theorem, the solutions of the dynamical equations, the Schr\"odinger equation (1) for states or the Heisenberg…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-06 Arno R. Bohm , Manuel Gadella , Piotr Kielanowski

Driving a quantum system periodically in time can profoundly alter its long-time correlations and give rise to exotic quantum states of matter. The complexity of the combination of many-body correlations and dynamic manipulations has the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-06-04 Shaon Sahoo , Imke Schneider , Sebastian Eggert

All clocks, classical or quantum, are open non equilibrium irreversible systems subject to the constraints of thermodynamics. Using examples I show that these constraints necessarily limit the performance of clocks and that good clocks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-30 G J Milburn

The aim of this paper is to propose a criterion of spontaneous symmetry breaking that makes reference to the properties of pure phases defined by a translationally invariant state. By avoiding any reference to the ground state, at the basis…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-07-08 Carlo Heissenberg , Franco Strocchi