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We describe the quark gluon plasma (QGP) as a thermalized quark-gluon system, the thermalized QGP phase of QCD. The hadronization of the thermalized QGP phase is given in a way resembling a coalescence model with correlated quarks and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 A. Ya. Berdnikov , Ya. A. Berdnikov , A. N. Ivanov , V. A. Ivanova , V. F. Kosmach , V. M. Samsonov , N. I. Troitskaya

Using next-to-leading order perturbative QCD and a conjecture of saturation to suppress the production of low-energy partons, we calculate the initial energy densities and formation times for the dissipative fluid dynamical evolution of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-17 R. Paatelainen , K. J. Eskola , H. Niemi , K. Tuominen

Suppression in the yield of quarkonia (heavy quark-antiquark bound states) has been considered one of the important signatures of the formation of the thermalized deconfined partonic matter, also known as the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), in…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-07-10 Partha Bagchi , Arpan Das , Ananta P. Mishra , Ankit Kumar Panda

Quantum Chromodynamics predicts a phase transition from ordinary hadronic matter to the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) at high temperatures and energy densities, where quarks and gluons (partons) are not confined within hadrons. The QGP is…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-11-15 ALICE Collaboration

The dynamical development of the cooling and hadronizing quark-gluon Plasma (QGP) is studied in a simple model assuming critical fluctuations in the QGP to Hadronic Matter (HM) and a first order transition in a small finite system. We…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-04 Laszlo P. Csernai , Gabriela Mocanu , Zoltan Neda

The hadronization of an expanding partonic fireball is studied within the Parton-Hadron-Strings Dynamics (PHSD) approach which is based on a dynamical quasiparticle model (DQPM) matched to reproduce lattice QCD results in thermodynamic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-05-13 W. Cassing , E. L. Bratkovskaya , Y. -. Z. Xing

In these proceedings I review recent developments concerning the hydrodynamic description of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). I report on the progress towards more realistic simulations and discuss new features about the QGP transport…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Jorge Noronha

We study the dynamical fluctuations of various particle yield ratios at different incident energies. Assuming that the particle production yields in the hydronic final state are due to equilibrium chemical processes ($\gamma=1$), the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-13 A. Tawfik

Ultrarelativistic collisions between heavy nuclei briefly generate the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a new state of matter characterized by deconfined partons last seen microseconds after the Big Bang. The properties of the QGP are of intense…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-08-04 Francesco Becattini , Jinfeng Liao , Michael Lisa

Dynamical models based on relativistic fluid dynamics provide a powerful tool to extract the properties of the strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced by ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions. The largest source of uncertainty in…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-04-18 J. Scott Moreland

Recent experimental data support the presence of quark coalescence in heavy ion collisions at RHIC energies. Hadronization of quark matter and hadron formation in heavy ion collisions can be described by the coalescence process, and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 G. Hamar , L. L. Zhu , P. Csizmadia , P. Levai

Dilepton production from the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions is computed using the leading-order (3+1)-dimensional anisotropic hydrodynamics. It is shown that high-energy dilepton spectrum is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-18 Radoslaw Ryblewski , Michael Strickland

We revisit the D-measure of event-by-event net-electric charge fluctuations, an idea first introduced over 20 years ago as a potential signature for the presence of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions. We developed a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-09-22 Jonathan Parra , Roman Poberezhniuk , Volker Koch , Claudia Ratti , Volodymyr Vovchenko

Heavy-ion collisions create deformed quark-gluon plasma (QGP) fireballs which explode anisotropically. The viscosity of the fireball matter determines its ability to convert the initial spatial deformation into momentum anisotropies that…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-03-19 Zhi Qiu , Ulrich W. Heinz

Relativistic p+A collisions may produce droplets of quark gluon plasma (QGP) that quickly develop a toroidal vortex structure similar to that of an expanding smoke ring. We present viscous relativistic hydrodynamic calculations of…

I discuss an approach to derive from first principles, a real-time formalism to study the dynamical interplay of quantum and statistical-kinetic properties of non-equilibrium multi-parton systems produced in high-energy QCD processes. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Klaus Geiger

In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, a nearly perfect fluid is formed, known as the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP). After a short thermalization period, the evolution of this medium can be described by the equations of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-10 Gábor László Kasza

A systematic study of charged hadron multiplicities ($n_{ch}$) at various collision energies is very much important in understanding the basic production mechanism of the hadrons in nucleus-nucleus collision experiments. Furthermore, the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-02-23 Ashwini Kumar , P. K. Srivastava , B. K. Singh , C. P. Singh

The hot, dense and strongly interacting medium known as the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) is produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Early in the collisions, quarks and gluons from the incoming nuclei…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-03-14 Joel Mazer

High-energy nuclear collisions exhibit collective flow, which emerges as a dynamical response of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) to the initial state geometry of the collision. Collective flow in heavy-ion collisions is usually described…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-21 Victor E. Ambrus , Sören Schlichting , Clemens Werthmann