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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been used extensively in automatic decision making in a broad variety of scenarios, ranging from credit ratings for loans to recommendations of movies. Traditional design guidelines for AI models focus…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Marisa Vasconcelos , Carlos Cardonha , Bernardo Gonçalves

Fairness emerged as an important requirement to guarantee that Machine Learning (ML) predictive systems do not discriminate against specific individuals or entire sub-populations, in particular, minorities. Given the inherent subjectivity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Karima Makhlouf , Sami Zhioua , Catuscia Palamidessi

With language models becoming increasingly ubiquitous, it has become essential to address their inequitable treatment of diverse demographic groups and factors. Most research on evaluating and mitigating fairness harms has been concentrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Krithika Ramesh , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) and their growing integration into daily life underscore the importance of evaluating and ensuring their fairness. In this work, we examine fairness within the domain of emotional theory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Maureen Herbert , Katie Sun , Angelica Lim , Yasaman Etesam

Argumentative dialogues across political divides can reduce polarization, yet opportunities for citizens to engage with opposing views in accessible and structured ways remain limited. AI dialogue partners offer a scalable framework for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jianlong Zhu , Syed Muhammad Jhon Raza Naqvi , Carolin-Theresa Ziemer , Usman Naseem , Ingmar Weber

Recent years have seen rapid growth in the market for HR technology and AI-driven HR solutions in particular. This popularity has also resulted in increased attention to the negative aspects of using AI to support hiring practices, such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Mesut Kaya , Toine Bogers

Speech is the fundamental means of communication between humans. The advent of AI and sophisticated speech technologies have led to the rapid proliferation of human-to-computer-based interactions, fueled primarily by Automatic Speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Mikel K. Ngueajio , Gloria Washington

Algorithmic decision making systems are ubiquitous across a wide variety of online as well as offline services. These systems rely on complex learning methods and vast amounts of data to optimize the service functionality, satisfaction of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-27 Muhammad Bilal Zafar , Isabel Valera , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez , Krishna P. Gummadi

The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in critical societal domains has amplified concerns about fairness, particularly regarding unequal treatment across sensitive attributes such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Munshi Mahbubur Rahman , Shimei Pan , James R. Foulds

Disparities in the societal harms and impacts of Generative AI (GenAI) systems highlight the critical need for effective unfairness measurement approaches. While numerous benchmarks exist, designing valid measurements requires proper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Kimberly Le Truong , Annette Zimmermann , Hoda Heidari

Bias in AI systems can lead to unfair and discriminatory outcomes, especially when left untested before deployment. Although fairness testing aims to identify and mitigate such bias, existing tools are often difficult to use, requiring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Keeryn Johnson , Cleyton Magalhaes , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Causal machine learning methods which flexibly generate heterogeneous treatment effect estimates could be very useful tools for governments trying to make and implement policy. However, as the critical artificial intelligence literature has…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-09-06 Patrick Rehill , Nicholas Biddle

Speech technologies are deployed in high-stakes settings, yet fairness concerns remain fragmented across tasks and disciplines. Existing surveys either adopt a general machine-learning perspective that overlooks speech-specific properties…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Yi-Cheng Lin , Yun-Shao Tsai , Kuan-Yu Chen , Hsiao-Ying Huang , Huang-Cheng Chou , Hung-yi Lee

This paper introduces a novel dataset to help researchers evaluate their computer vision and audio models for accuracy across a diverse set of age, genders, apparent skin tones and ambient lighting conditions. Our dataset is composed of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Caner Hazirbas , Joanna Bitton , Brian Dolhansky , Jacqueline Pan , Albert Gordo , Cristian Canton Ferrer

Recent failures such as Google Gemini generating people of color in Nazi-era uniforms illustrate how AI outputs can be factually plausible yet socially harmful. AI models are increasingly evaluated for "fairness," yet existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jen-tse Huang , Yuhang Yan , Linqi Liu , Yixin Wan , Wenxuan Wang , Kai-Wei Chang , Michael R. Lyu

Computers are increasingly used to make decisions that have significant impact in people's lives. Often, these predictions can affect different population subgroups disproportionately. As a result, the issue of fairness has received much…

Advances in algorithmic fairness have largely omitted sexual orientation and gender identity. We explore queer concerns in privacy, censorship, language, online safety, health, and employment to study the positive and negative effects of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Nenad Tomasev , Kevin R. McKee , Jackie Kay , Shakir Mohamed

Algorithmic decision-making systems are increasingly used throughout the public and private sectors to make important decisions or assist humans in making these decisions with real social consequences. While there has been substantial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Ruotong Wang , F. Maxwell Harper , Haiyi Zhu

Naively trained AI models can be heavily biased. This can be particularly problematic when the biases involve legally or morally protected attributes such as ethnic background, age or gender. Existing solutions to this problem come at the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Nicholas Rosa , Tom Drummond , Mehrtash Harandi

Fairness is a concept of justice. Various definitions exist, some of them conflicting with each other. In the absence of an uniformly accepted notion of fairness, choosing the right kind for a specific situation has always been a central…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Boris Ruf , Marcin Detyniecki