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Related papers: Strategic Classification is Causal Modeling in Dis…

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When humans are subject to an algorithmic decision system, they can strategically adjust their behavior accordingly (``game'' the system). While a growing line of literature on strategic classification has used game-theoretic modeling to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Raman Ebrahimi , Kristen Vaccaro , Parinaz Naghizadeh

A broad current application of algorithms is in formal and quantitative measures of murky concepts -- like merit -- to make decisions. When people strategically respond to these sorts of evaluations in order to gain favorable decision…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Benjamin Laufer , Jon Kleinberg , Karen Levy , Helen Nissenbaum

Algorithms are often used to produce decision-making rules that classify or evaluate individuals. When these individuals have incentives to be classified a certain way, they may behave strategically to influence their outcomes. We develop a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Jon Kleinberg , Manish Raghavan

When consequential decisions are informed by algorithmic input, individuals may feel compelled to alter their behavior in order to gain a system's approval. Models of agent responsiveness, termed "strategic manipulation," analyze the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Lily Hu , Nicole Immorlica , Jennifer Wortman Vaughan

When learning is used to inform decisions about humans, such as for loans, hiring, or admissions, this can incentivize users to strategically modify their features, at a cost, to obtain positive predictions. The common assumption is that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Yonatan Sommer , Ivri Hikri , Lotan Amit , Nir Rosenfeld

Machine learning systems have been widely used to make decisions about individuals who may behave strategically to receive favorable outcomes, e.g., they may genuinely improve the true labels or manipulate observable features directly to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Tian Xie , Zhiqun Zuo , Mohammad Mahdi Khalili , Xueru Zhang

We consider the problem of strategic classification, where a learner must build a model to classify agents based on features that have been strategically modified. Previous work in this area has concentrated on the case when the learner is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jack Geary , Henry Gouk

Causal models bring many benefits to decision-making systems (or agents) by making them interpretable, sample-efficient, and robust to changes in the input distribution. However, spurious correlations can lead to wrong causal models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Sergei Volodin , Nevan Wichers , Jeremy Nixon

Strategic classification(SC) studies the interaction between decision models and agents who strategically manipulate their features for favorable outcomes. Existing SC frameworks typically rely on the idealized assumption that agents are…

Strategic classification addresses a learning problem where a decision-maker implements a classifier over agents who may manipulate their features in order to receive favorable predictions. In the standard model of online strategic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Han Shao , Shuo Xie , Kunhe Yang

Strategic classification studies learning settings in which individuals can modify their features, at a cost, in order to influence the classifier's decision. A central question is how the sample complexity of the induced (strategic)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yuval Filmus , Shay Moran , Elizaveta Nesterova , Nir Rosenfeld , Alexander Shlimovich

Individuals are often faced with temptations that can lead them astray from long-term goals. We're interested in developing interventions that steer individuals toward making good initial decisions and then maintaining those decisions over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Shruthi Sukumar , Adrian F. Ward , Camden Elliott-Williams , Shabnam Hakimi , Michael C. Mozer

We study an online linear classification problem, in which the data is generated by strategic agents who manipulate their features in an effort to change the classification outcome. In rounds, the learner deploys a classifier, and an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-24 Jinshuo Dong , Aaron Roth , Zachary Schutzman , Bo Waggoner , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Causal classification models are adopted across a variety of operational business processes to predict the effect of a treatment on a categorical business outcome of interest depending on the process instance characteristics. This allows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Diego Olaya , Wouter Verbeke , Jente Van Belle , Marie-Anne Guerry

In real-world classification settings, such as loan application evaluation or content moderation on online platforms, individuals respond to classifier predictions by strategically updating their features to increase their likelihood of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Vijay Keswani , L. Elisa Celis

As predictive models are deployed into the real world, they must increasingly contend with strategic behavior. A growing body of work on strategic classification treats this problem as a Stackelberg game: the decision-maker "leads" in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Tijana Zrnic , Eric Mazumdar , S. Shankar Sastry , Michael I. Jordan

In strategic classification, agents modify their features, at a cost, to ideally obtain a positive classification from the learner's classifier. The typical response of the learner is to carefully modify their classifier to be robust to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Lee Cohen , Saeed Sharifi-Malvajerdi , Kevin Stangl , Ali Vakilian , Juba Ziani

Reinforcement learning is an essential paradigm for solving sequential decision problems under uncertainty. Despite many remarkable achievements in recent decades, applying reinforcement learning methods in the real world remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Zhihong Deng , Jing Jiang , Guodong Long , Chengqi Zhang

We consider an online regression setting in which individuals adapt to the regression model: arriving individuals are aware of the current model, and invest strategically in modifying their own features so as to improve the predicted score…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Yahav Bechavod , Katrina Ligett , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Juba Ziani

Sequential experimental design to discover interventions that achieve a desired outcome is a key problem in various domains including science, engineering and public policy. When the space of possible interventions is large, making an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Jiaqi Zhang , Louis Cammarata , Chandler Squires , Themistoklis P. Sapsis , Caroline Uhler