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We numerically study the effects of two forms of quenched disorder on the anyons of the toric code. Firstly, a new class of codes based on random lattices of stabilizer operators is presented, and shown to be superior to the standard square…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-20 Beat Röthlisberger , James R. Wootton , Robert M. Heath , Jiannis K. Pachos , Daniel Loss

Quantum matter provides an effective vacuum out of which arise emergent particles not corresponding to any experimentally detected elementary particle. Topological quantum materials in particular have become a focus of intense research in…

We determine analytically the phase diagram of the toric code model in a parallel magnetic field which displays three distinct regions. Our study relies on two high-order perturbative expansions in the strong- and weak-field limit, as well…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-03-04 J. Vidal , S. Dusuel , K. P. Schmidt

The Kitaev model is exactly solvable in terms of Majorana fermions hopping on a honeycomb lattice and coupled to a static $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge field, giving the possibility of $\pi$-vortices in hexagonal plaquettes. In the vortex-full…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-28 Surajit Basak , Jean-Noël Fuchs

We investigate Majorana modes in a quantum spin chain with bond-dependent exchange interactions by studying its dynamics. Specifically, we consider two-time correlations for the Kitaev-Heisenberg (KH) Hamiltonian close to the so-called…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-27 Johannes Bjerlin , Anders S. Sørensen , Stephan Haas

The honeycomb lattice Kitaev model H_{K} with two kinds of Wen-Toric-code four-body interactions H_{WT} is investigated exactly using a new fermionization method, and the ground state phase diagram is obtained. Six kinds of three-body…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-02-20 Kazuhiko Minami

We present certain exact analytical results for dynamical spin correlation functions in the Kitaev Model. It is the first result of its kind in non-trivial quantum spin models. The result is also novel: in spite of presence of gapless…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-11 G. Baskaran , Saptarshi Mandal , R. Shankar

Kitaev quantum spin liquids host Majorana fermions via the fractionalization of spins. In a magnetic field, the Majorana fermions were predicted to comprise a topological state, which has attracted great attention by the discovery of the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-04-01 Junki Yoshitake , Joji Nasu , Yasuyuki Kato , Yukitoshi Motome

Kitaev's quantum double models, including the toric code, are canonical examples of quantum topological models on a 2D spin lattice. Their Hamiltonian defines the groundspace by imposing an energy penalty to any nontrivial flux or charge,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-06 Anna Komar , Olivier Landon-Cardinal

We consider two interacting quantum dots coupled by standard superconductors. We derive an effective Hamiltonian, and show that over a wide parameter range a degenerate ground state can be obtained. An exotique form of Majorana bound states…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-10-28 Thomas E. O'Brien , Anthony R. Wright , Menno Veldhorst

We introduce two classes of junctions in a toric code, a prototypical model of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ quantum spin liquid, and study the nature of anyonic transport across them mediated by Zeeman fields. In the first class of junctions, termed…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-05-05 Sayak Bhattacharjee , Soumya Sur , Adhip Agarwala

Defects in topologically ordered models have interesting properties that are reminiscent of the anyonic excitations of the models themselves. For example, dislocations in the toric code model are known as twists and possess properties that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-27 Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett , Andrew C. Doherty , Sean D. Barrett

A two-dimensional field theory of a fermion chirally coupled to Toda field plus a scalar self-coupling potential is considered. Using techniques of integrable systems we obtain analytical zero modes, in-gap states and bound states in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-28 H. Blas , J. J. Monsalve , R. Quicaño , J. R. V. Pereira

Associated to every finite group, Kitaev has defined the quantum double model for every orientable surface without boundary. In this paper, we define boundaries for this model and characterize condensations; that is, we find all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Salman Beigi , Peter W. Shor , Daniel Whalen

Quantum information theory and strongly correlated electron systems share a common theme of macroscopic quantum entanglement. In both topological error correction codes and theories of quantum materials (spin liquid, heavy fermion and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-10-11 Elio J. König , Piers Coleman , Alexei M. Tsvelik

A family of two-dimensional (2D) spin-1/2 models have been constructed to realize Kitaev's sixteen-fold way of anyon theories. Defining a one-dimensional (1D) path through all the lattice sites, and performing the Jordan-Wigner…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-05-02 Jin-Tao Jin , Jian-Jian Miao , Yi Zhou

Dynamical correlation functions of the toric code in a uniform magnetic field are studied inside the topological phase, in the small-field limit. Such an experimentally measurable quantity displays rich field-dependent features that can be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-01-21 M. Kamfor , S. Dusuel , J. Vidal , K. P. Schmidt

We introduce a two-body quantum Hamiltonian model with spins-$\half$ located on the vertices of a 2D spatial lattice. The model exhibits an exact topological degeneracy in all coupling regimes. This is a remarkable non-perturbative effect.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-07 H. Bombin , M. Kargarian , M. A. Martin-Delgado

We investigate the nature of the topological phase transition of the antiferromagnetic Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice in the presence of a magnetic field along the [111] direction. The field opens a topological gap in the Majorana…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-30 S. Thiagarajan , C. Watson , T. Yzeiri , H. Hu , B. Uchoa , F. Krüger

We introduce a modified 2D toric code Hamiltonian that exhibits explicit anyon confinement along a single spatial direction. By bounding the motion of these confined anyons, we obtain dipolar excitations with restricted mobility. We analyze…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Jose Garre Rubio