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Enabling robots to understand human gaze target is a crucial step to allow capabilities in downstream tasks, for example, attention estimation and movement anticipation in real-world human-robot interactions. Prior works have addressed the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Zhuangzhuang Dai , Vincent Gbouna Zakka , Luis J. Manso , Chen Li

Gaze estimation involves predicting where the person is looking at within an image or video. Technically, the gaze information can be inferred from two different magnification levels: face orientation and eye orientation. The inference is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Ashesh , Chu-Song Chen , Hsuan-Tien Lin

We present GazeOnce360, a novel end-to-end model for multi-person gaze estimation from a single tabletop-mounted upward-facing fisheye camera. Unlike conventional approaches that rely on forward-facing cameras in constrained viewpoints, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zhuojiang Cai , Zhenghui Sun , Feng Lu

Gaze estimation, the task of predicting where an individual is looking, is a critical task with direct applications in areas such as human-computer interaction and virtual reality. Estimating the direction of looking in unconstrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Andy Cătrună , Adrian Cosma , Emilian Rădoi

We introduce GazeD, a new 3D gaze estimation method that jointly provides 3D gaze and human pose from a single RGB image. Leveraging the ability of diffusion models to deal with uncertainty, it generates multiple plausible 3D gaze and pose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Riccardo Catalini , Davide Di Nucci , Guido Borghi , Davide Davoli , Lorenzo Garattoni , Gianpiero Francesca , Yuki Kawana , Roberto Vezzani

Gaze estimation is instrumental in modern virtual reality (VR) systems. Despite significant progress in remote-camera gaze estimation, VR gaze research remains constrained by data scarcity, particularly the lack of large-scale, accurately…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Gil Shapira , Ishay Goldin , Evgeny Artyomov , Donghoon Kim , Yosi Keller , Niv Zehngut

A major challenge for physically unconstrained gaze estimation is acquiring training data with 3D gaze annotations for in-the-wild and outdoor scenarios. In contrast, videos of human interactions in unconstrained environments are abundantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Rakshit Kothari , Shalini De Mello , Umar Iqbal , Wonmin Byeon , Seonwook Park , Jan Kautz

Appearance-based gaze estimation aims to predict the 3D eye gaze direction from a single image. While recent deep learning-based approaches have demonstrated excellent performance, they usually assume one calibrated face in each input image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Mingfang Zhang , Yunfei Liu , Feng Lu

Unconstrained remote gaze estimation remains challenging mostly due to its vulnerability to the large variability in head-pose. Prior solutions struggle to maintain reliable accuracy in unconstrained remote gaze tracking. Among them,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Zhecan Wang , Jian Zhao , Cheng Lu , Han Huang , Fan Yang , Lianji Li , Yandong Guo

Gaze estimation is a fundamental task in many applications of computer vision, human computer interaction and robotics. Many state-of-the-art methods are trained and tested on custom datasets, making comparison across methods challenging.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Xucong Zhang , Seonwook Park , Thabo Beeler , Derek Bradley , Siyu Tang , Otmar Hilliges

Appearance-based gaze estimation systems have shown great progress recently, yet the performance of these techniques depend on the datasets used for training. Most of the existing gaze estimation datasets setup in interactive settings were…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Murthy L. R. D. , Abhishek Mukhopadhyay , Shambhavi Aggarwal , Ketan Anand , Pradipta Biswas

Predicting driver attention is a critical problem for developing explainable autonomous driving systems and understanding driver behavior in mixed human-autonomous vehicle traffic scenarios. Although significant progress has been made…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Shreedhar Govil , Didier Stricker , Jason Rambach

Developing gaze estimation models that generalize well to unseen domains and in-the-wild conditions remains a challenge with no known best solution. This is mostly due to the difficulty of acquiring ground truth data that cover the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Evangelos Ververas , Polydefkis Gkagkos , Jiankang Deng , Michail Christos Doukas , Jia Guo , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Appearance-based gaze estimation is believed to work well in real-world settings, but existing datasets have been collected under controlled laboratory conditions and methods have been not evaluated across multiple datasets. In this work we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-07 Xucong Zhang , Yusuke Sugano , Mario Fritz , Andreas Bulling

We propose a novel 3D gaze estimation approach that learns spatial relationships between the subject and objects in the scene, and outputs 3D gaze direction. Our method targets unconstrained settings, including cases where close-up views of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yuki Kawana , Shintaro Shiba , Quan Kong , Norimasa Kobori

Privacy is a highly subjective concept and perceived variably by different individuals. Previous research on quantifying user-perceived privacy has primarily relied on questionnaires. Furthermore, applying user-perceived privacy to optimise…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Mayar Elfares , Pascal Reisert , Ralf Küsters , Andreas Bulling

Human gaze provides valuable information on human focus and intentions, making it a crucial area of research. Recently, deep learning has revolutionized appearance-based gaze estimation. However, due to the unique features of gaze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Yihua Cheng , Haofei Wang , Yiwei Bao , Feng Lu

Gaze Target Detection (GTD), i.e., determining where a person is looking within a scene from an external viewpoint, is a challenging task, particularly in 3D space. Existing approaches heavily rely on analyzing the person's appearance,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Andrea Toaiari , Vittorio Murino , Marco Cristani , Cigdem Beyan

This paper addresses the challenging problem of estimating the general visual attention of people in images. Our proposed method is designed to work across multiple naturalistic social scenarios and provides a full picture of the subject's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Eunji Chong , Nataniel Ruiz , Yongxin Wang , Yun Zhang , Agata Rozga , James Rehg

In human-robot collaboration, one challenging task is to teach a robot new yet unknown objects enabling it to interact with them. Thereby, gaze can contain valuable information. We investigate if it is possible to detect objects (object or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Daniel Weber , Wolfgang Fuhl , Andreas Zell , Enkelejda Kasneci
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