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Neural networks have been successfully used for classification tasks in a rapidly growing number of practical applications. Despite their popularity and widespread use, there are still many aspects of training and classification that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-03 Ewout van den Berg

We address the challenging problem of deep representation learning--the efficient adaption of a pre-trained deep network to different tasks. Specifically, we propose to explore gradient-based features. These features are gradients of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Fangzhou Mu , Yingyu Liang , Yin Li

Very deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) yield state of the art results on a wide variety of visual recognition problems. A number of state of the the art methods for image recognition are based on networks with well over 100 layers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-15 Joel Moniz , Christopher Pal

Vanishing (and exploding) gradients effect is a common problem for recurrent neural networks with nonlinear activation functions which use backpropagation method for calculation of derivatives. Deep feedforward neural networks with many…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-15 Artem Chernodub , Dimitri Nowicki

Capsule Networks, an extension to Neural Networks utilizing vector or matrix representations instead of scalars, were initially developed to create a dynamic parse tree where visual concepts evolve from parts to complete objects. Early…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Miles Everett , Mingjun Zhong , Georgios Leontidis

In this paper, we study Discretized Neural Networks (DNNs) composed of low-precision weights and activations, which suffer from either infinite or zero gradients due to the non-differentiable discrete function during training. Most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Jun Chen , Hanwen Chen , Mengmeng Wang , Guang Dai , Ivor W. Tsang , Yong Liu

When training deep neural networks with gradient descent, sharpness often increases -- a phenomenon known as progressive sharpening -- before saturating at the edge of stability. Although commonly observed in practice, the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Geonhui Yoo , Minhak Song , Chulhee Yun

One of the main drawbacks of deep neural networks, like many other classifiers, is their vulnerability to adversarial attacks. An important reason for their vulnerability is assigning high confidence to regions with few or even no feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Pourya Habib Zadeh , Reshad Hosseini , Suvrit Sra

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) training can be difficult due to vanishing and exploding gradients during weight optimization through backpropagation. To address this problem, we propose a general class of Hamiltonian DNNs (H-DNNs) that stem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Clara Lucía Galimberti , Luca Furieri , Liang Xu , Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate

The dynamics of gradient-based training in neural networks often exhibit nontrivial structures; hence, understanding them remains a central challenge in theoretical machine learning. In particular, a concept of feature unlearning, in which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Shota Imai , Sota Nishiyama , Masaaki Imaizumi

Deep neural networks have reshaped modern machine learning by learning powerful latent representations that often align with the manifold hypothesis: high-dimensional data lie on lower-dimensional manifolds. In this paper, we establish a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Nico Pelleriti , Max Zimmer , Elias Wirth , Sebastian Pokutta

While gradient descent has proven highly successful in learning connection weights for neural networks, the actual structure of these networks is usually determined by hand, or by other optimization algorithms. Here we describe a simple…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-08-09 Thomas Miconi

Understanding the training dynamics of deep neural networks (DNNs), particularly how they evolve low-dimensional features from high-dimensional data, remains a central challenge in deep learning theory. In this work, we introduce the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Jiang Yang , Yuxiang Zhao , Quanhui Zhu

In this work we propose a framework for improving the performance of any deep neural network that may suffer from vanishing gradients. To address the vanishing gradient issue, we study a framework, where we insert an intermediate output…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Yi Zhou , Yue Bai , Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya , Heikki Huttunen

Recent success in training deep neural networks have prompted active investigation into the features learned on their intermediate layers. Such research is difficult because it requires making sense of non-linear computations performed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Yixuan Li , Jason Yosinski , Jeff Clune , Hod Lipson , John Hopcroft

Training deep graph neural networks (GNNs) is notoriously hard. Besides the standard plights in training deep architectures such as vanishing gradients and overfitting, it also uniquely suffers from over-smoothing, information squashing,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Tianlong Chen , Kaixiong Zhou , Keyu Duan , Wenqing Zheng , Peihao Wang , Xia Hu , Zhangyang Wang

The question of how and why the phenomenon of mode connectivity occurs in training deep neural networks has gained remarkable attention in the research community. From a theoretical perspective, two possible explanations have been proposed:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Quynh Nguyen , Pierre Brechet , Marco Mondelli

A long-standing obstacle to progress in deep learning is the problem of vanishing and exploding gradients. Although, the problem has largely been overcome via carefully constructed initializations and batch normalization, architectures…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-07 David Balduzzi , Marcus Frean , Lennox Leary , JP Lewis , Kurt Wan-Duo Ma , Brian McWilliams

In this paper, we provide an overview of a common phenomenon, condensation, observed during the nonlinear training of neural networks: During the nonlinear training of neural networks, neurons in the same layer tend to condense into groups…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhi-Qin John Xu , Yaoyu Zhang , Zhangchen Zhou

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) often perform better for high-degree nodes than low-degree nodes on node classification tasks. This degree bias can reinforce social marginalization by, e.g., privileging celebrities and other high-degree actors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Arjun Subramonian , Jian Kang , Yizhou Sun