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Witness operators are a central tool to detect entanglement or to distinguish among the different entanglement classes of multiparticle systems, which can be defined using stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC). We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-25 Christina Ritz , Cornelia Spee , Otfried Gühne

The states in the three-qubit GHZ SLOCC class can exhibit diverse entanglement patterns, as they may have no entanglement in any reduced subsystems, or show entanglement across one, two, or all three bipartite cuts. Significant research has…

The multi-qubit GHZ state possesses tangles with elegant transformation properties under stochastic local operations and classical communication. Since almost all pure 3-qubit states are connected to the GHZ state via SLOCC, we derive a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-18 Grant W. Allen , Orest Bucicovschi , David A. Meyer

We analyze form the topological perspective the space of all SLOCC (Stochastic Local Operations with Classical Communication) classes of pure states for composite quantum systems. We do it for both distinguishable and indistinguishable…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-01-19 Adam Sawicki , Michał Oszmaniec , Marek Kuś

In Phys. Rev. A 62, 062314 (2000), D\"{u}r, Vidal and Cirac indicated that there are infinitely many SLOCC classes for four qubits. Verstraete, Dehaene, and Verschelde in Phys. Rev. A 65, 052112 (2002) proposed nine families of states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-12-14 D. Li , X. Li , H. Huang , X. Li

Understanding multipartite entanglement is a key goal in quantum information. Entanglement in pure states can be characterised by considering transformations under Local Operations assisted by Classical Communication (LOCC). However, it has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-06 David Gunn , Martin Hebenstreit , Cornelia Spee , Julio I. de Vicente , Barbara Kraus

We discuss the entanglement properties of symmetric states of $n$ qubits. The Majorana representation maps a generic such state into a system of $n$ points on a sphere. Entanglement invariants, either under local unitaries (LU) or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 P. Ribeiro , R. Mosseri

Employing the Pauli matrices, we have constructed a set of operators, which can be used to distinguish six inequivalent classes of entanglement under SLOCC (stochastic local operation and classical communication) for three-qubit pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-25 Chandan Datta , Satyabrata Adhikari , Arpan Das , Pankaj Agrawal

We design and successfully implement artificial neural networks (ANNs) to detect and classify entanglement for three-qubit systems using limited state features. The overall design principle is a feed forward neural network (FFNN), with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-19 Jorawar Singh , Vaishali Gulati , Kavita Dorai , Arvind

Invertible local transformations of a multipartite system are used to define equivalence classes in the set of entangled states. This classification concerns the entanglement properties of a single copy of the state. Accordingly, we say…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 W. Dür , G. Vidal , J. I. Cirac

We propose a new classification scheme for quantum entanglement based on topological links. This is done by identifying a non-rigid ring to a particle, attributing the act of cutting and removing a ring to the operation of tracing out the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-09 Gonçalo M. Quinta , Rui André

Entanglement is a central resource in quantum information and quantum technologies, yet its characterization remains challenging due to both theoretical complexity and measurement requirements. Machine learning has emerged as a promising…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 A. García-Velo , R. Puebla , Y. Ban , E. Torrontegui , M. Paraschiv

We investigate the proportional relationships for spectrums and for SJNFs (Standard Jordan Normal Forms) of the matrices constructed from coefficient matrices of two SLOCC (stochastic local operations and classical communication) equivalent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-03 Dafa Li

In order to cope with the fact that there exists no single maximally entangled state (up to local unitaries) in the multipartite setting, we introduced in [J. I. de Vicente, C. Spee and B. Kraus, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 110502 (2013)] the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-14 C. Spee , J. I. de Vicente , B. Kraus

We study entanglement and non-locality of connected four-qubit hypergraph states. One obtains the SLOCC classification from the known LU-orbits. We then consider Mermin's polynomials and show that all four-qubit hypergraph states exhibit…

We have devised an artificial intelligence algorithm with machine reinforcement learning (Q-learning) to construct remarkable entangled states with 4 qubits. This way, the algorithm is able to generate representative states for some of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Sara Giordano , Miguel A. Martin-Delgado

Permutation-symmetric n qubit pure states can be represented by n points on the surface of the unit sphere by means of the Majorana representation. Here this representation is employed to characterize and compare the three entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-18 Martin Aulbach

In arXiv:1208.0365 entanglement polytopes where introduced as a coarsening of the SLOCC classification of multipartite entanglement. The advantages of classifying entanglement by entanglement polytopes are a finite hierarchy for all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-13 Konstantin Wernli

The aim of the paper is to propose geometric descriptions of multipartite entangled states using algebraic geometry. In the context of this paper, geometric means each stratum of the Hilbert space, corresponding to an entangled state, is an…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-02-12 Frédéric Holweck , Jean-Gabriel Luque , Jean-Yves Thibon

In this work, we construct small sets of bipartite orthogonal pure states that cannot be perfectly distinguished by local operations and classical communication (LOCC). We mention that not all the states within the constructed sets are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Saronath Halder , Suchetana Goswami