Related papers: Atmospheric Neutrinos
Because the propagation of neutrinos is affected by the presence of Earth matter, it opens new possibilities to probe the Earth's interior. Different approaches range from techniques based upon the interaction of high energy (above TeV)…
Neutrons travel along straight lines in free space, but only survive for a distance which depends on their energy. Thus, detecting neutrons in space in principle provides directional and distance information. Apart from secondary neutrons…
The current knowledge of neutrino properties has been derived from measurements performed with both astrophysical and terrestrial sources. Observations of neutrino flavor change have been made with neutrinos generated in the solar core,…
Both the first evidence and the first discoveries of neutrino flavor transformation have come from experiments which use neutrino beams provided by Nature. These discoveries were remarkable not only because they were unexpected--they were…
A short introduction summarizes the experimental high energy field of neutrino oscillations and the oscillation notations. Then the results obtained by experiments on atmospheric neutrino oscillations are summarized and discussed. At the…
In this lecture we review some of the basic properties of neutrinos, in particular their mass and the oscillation behavior. First we discuss how to describe the neutrino mass. Then, under the assumption that neutrinos are massive and mixed,…
Observations of atmospheric neutrinos by the SuperKamiokande collaboration have demonstrated large mixing of the muon-neutrino. However the present atmospheric neutrino data does not significantly constrain the associated mixing of the…
Interactions of cosmic ray protons and nuclei in their sources and in the interstellar medium produce "hadronic" gamma-ray emission. Gamma-rays can also be of "leptonic" origin, i.e. originating from high-energy electrons accelerated…
The role of neutrinos in stars is introduced for students with little prior astrophysical exposure. We begin with neutrinos as an energy-loss channel in ordinary stars and conversely, how stars provide information on neutrinos and possible…
The observation of high-energy extraterrestrial neutrinos is one of the most promising future options to increase our knowledge on non-thermal processes in the universe. Neutrinos are e.g. unavoidably produced in environments where…
Starting with an historical review, I summarize the status of calculations of the flux of atmospheric neutrinos and how they compare to measurements.
Sources of ultrahigh energy photons operating at high red shift produce a diffuse background of neutrinos. At high red shift, when the cosmic microwave background radiation has a higher temperature, an electromagnetic cascade originated by…
The physics of the mysterious and stealthy neutrino is at the heart of many phenomena in the cosmos. These particles interact with matter and with each other through the aptly named weak interaction. At typical astrophysical energies the…
Instrumenting a gigaton of ice at the geographic South Pole, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory has been at the forefront of groundbreaking scientific discoveries over the past decade. These include the observation of a flux of TeV-PeV…
A revolution in our understanding of the neutrino sector is underway, driven by observations that are interpreted in terms of changes in neutrino flavors as they propagate. Since neutrino oscillations occur only if neutrinos are massive,…
Solar neutrinos, generated abundantly by thermonuclear reactions in the solar interior, offer a unique tool for studying astrophysics and particle physics. The observation of solar neutrinos has led to the discovery of neutrino oscillation,…
Gigantic neutrino telescopes are primarily designed to search for very high energy neutrino radiation from the cosmos. Neutrinos travel unhindered over cosmological distances and therefore carry unique undistorted information about its…
The main goal of the IceCube Deep Core Array is to search for neutrinos of astrophysical origins. Atmospheric neutrinos are commonly considered as a background for these searches. We show that the very high statistics atmospheric neutrino…
Measurements of atmospheric neutrinos by Super-Kamiokande an other detectors have given evidence for the existence of neutrino oscillations with large mixing and $\Delta m^2$ in the range 10^{-3}-10^{-2} eV^2. In this work we discuss…
Low-energy neutrinos from the cosmic background are captured by objects in the sky that contain material susceptible of single beta decay. Neutrons, which compose most of a neutron star, capture low-energy neutrinos from the cosmic neutrino…