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Learning a stable and generalizable centralized value function (CVF) is a crucial but challenging task in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), as it has to deal with the issue that the joint action space increases exponentially with…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Xinghu Yao , Chao Wen , Yuhui Wang , Xiaoyang Tan

Model checking of strategic abilities for agents with memory is a notoriously hard problem, and very few attempts have been made to tackle it. In this paper, we present two important steps towards this goal. First, we take the partial-order…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dilian Gurov , Filip Jamroga , Wojciech Jamroga , Mateusz Kamiński , Damian Kurpiewski , Wojciech Penczek , Teofil Sidoruk

Robust coordination is critical for effective decision-making in multi-agent systems, especially under partial observability. A central question in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is whether to engineer communication protocols or…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Brennen A. Hill , Mant Koh En Wei , Thangavel Jishnuanandh

We study instruction following in multi-task reinforcement learning, where an agent must zero-shot execute novel tasks not seen during training. In this setting, linear temporal logic (LTL) has recently been adopted as a powerful framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Mathias Jackermeier , Mattia Giuri , Jacques Cloete , Alessandro Abate

One of the main challenges of multi-agent learning lies in establishing convergence of the algorithms, as, in general, a collection of individual, self-serving agents is not guaranteed to converge with their joint policy, when learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Aleksander Czechowski , Frans A. Oliehoek

Multi-agent reinforcement learning has emerged as a powerful framework for enabling agents to learn complex, coordinated behaviors but faces persistent challenges regarding its generalization, scalability and sample efficiency. Recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Nikolaos Bousias , Stefanos Pertigkiozoglou , Kostas Daniilidis , George Pappas

Multi-agent reinforcement learning holds the key for solving complex tasks that demand the coordination of learning agents. However, strong coordination often leads to expensive exploration over the exponentially large state-action space. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Dung Nguyen , Phuoc Nguyen , Svetha Venkatesh , Truyen Tran

Large sequence model (SM) such as GPT series and BERT has displayed outstanding performance and generalization capabilities on vision, language, and recently reinforcement learning tasks. A natural follow-up question is how to abstract…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Muning Wen , Jakub Grudzien Kuba , Runji Lin , Weinan Zhang , Ying Wen , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

Team adaptation to new cooperative tasks is a hallmark of human intelligence, which has yet to be fully realized in learning agents. Previous work on multi-agent transfer learning accommodate teams of different sizes, heavily relying on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Rongjun Qin , Feng Chen , Tonghan Wang , Lei Yuan , Xiaoran Wu , Zongzhang Zhang , Chongjie Zhang , Yang Yu

Autonomous agents need large repertoires of skills to act reasonably on new tasks that they have not seen before. However, acquiring these skills using only a stream of high-dimensional, unstructured, and unlabeled observations is a tricky…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Andrii Zadaianchuk , Maximilian Seitzer , Georg Martius

In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), ensuring robustness against unpredictable or worst-case actions by allies is crucial for real-world deployment. Existing robust MARL methods either approximate or enumerate all possible threat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Simin Li , Ruixiao Xu , Jingqiao Xiu , Yuwei Zheng , Pu Feng , Yaodong Yang , Xianglong Liu

We present a new model-based reinforcement learning algorithm, Cooperative Prioritized Sweeping, for efficient learning in multi-agent Markov decision processes. The algorithm allows for sample-efficient learning on large problems by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Eugenio Bargiacchi , Timothy Verstraeten , Diederik M. Roijers , Ann Nowé

Many real-world multi-agent systems exhibit nonlinear dynamics and complex inter-agent interactions. As these systems increase in scale, the main challenges arise from achieving scalability and handling nonconvexity. To address these…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Taehyun Yoon , Augustinos D. Saravanos , Evangelos A. Theodorou

This paper introduces a model of multi-unit organizations with either static structures, i.e., they are designed top-down following classical approaches to organizational design, or dynamic structures, i.e., the structures emerge over time…

General Economics · Economics 2022-09-12 Stephan Leitner

Multi-agent systems based on large language models, particularly centralized architectures, have recently shown strong potential for complex and knowledge-intensive tasks. However, central agents often suffer from unstable long-horizon…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Ruizhe Zhang , Xinke Jiang , Zhibang Yang , Zhixin Zhang , Jiaran Gao , Yuzhen Xiao , Hongbin Lai , Xu Chu , Junfeng Zhao , Yasha Wang

In multi-agent reinforcement learning, centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) methods typically assume that agents make decisions based on their local observations independently, which may not lead to a correlated joint…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Zhiyuan Li , Wenshuai Zhao , Lijun Wu , Joni Pajarinen

Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques have drawn great attention in many challenging tasks, but their performance deteriorates dramatically when applied to real-world problems. Various methods, such as domain randomization, have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Wangyang Yue , Yuan Zhou , Xiaochuan Zhang , Yuchen Hua , Zhiyuan Wang , Guang Kou

We propose and analyze a regularization approach for structured prediction problems. We characterize a large class of loss functions that allows to naturally embed structured outputs in a linear space. We exploit this fact to design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-31 Carlo Ciliberto , Alessandro Rudi , Lorenzo Rosasco

In multi-agent reinforcement learning, discovering successful collective behaviors is challenging as it requires exploring a joint action space that grows exponentially with the number of agents. While the tractability of independent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Julien Roy , Paul Barde , Félix G. Harvey , Derek Nowrouzezahrai , Christopher Pal

Decentralized combinatorial optimization in evolving multi-agent systems poses significant challenges, requiring agents to balance long-term decision-making, short-term optimized collective outcomes, while preserving autonomy of interactive…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Chuhao Qin , Evangelos Pournaras