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Improving the interpretability of brain decoding approaches is of primary interest in many neuroimaging studies. Despite extensive studies of this type, at present, there is no formal definition for interpretability of brain decoding…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-21 Seyed Mostafa Kia , Andrea Passerini

Interpretable Machine Learning faces a recurring challenge of explaining the predictions made by opaque classifiers such as ensemble models, kernel methods, or neural networks in terms that are understandable to humans. When the model is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Frederic Koriche , Jean-Marie Lagniez , Stefan Mengel , Chi Tran

Probabilistic classifiers output a probability distribution on target classes rather than just a class prediction. Besides providing a clear separation of prediction and decision making, the main advantage of probabilistic models is their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Juozas Vaicenavicius , David Widmann , Carl Andersson , Fredrik Lindsten , Jacob Roll , Thomas B. Schön

This survey presents an overview of integrating prior knowledge into machine learning systems in order to improve explainability. The complexity of machine learning models has elicited research to make them more explainable. However, most…

Recently, the term explainable AI became known as an approach to produce models from artificial intelligence which allow interpretation. Since a long time, there are models of symbolic regression in use that are perfectly explainable and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Markus Quade , Thomas Isele , Markus Abel

Advanced communication protocols are critical to enable the coexistence of autonomous robots with humans. Thus, the development of explanatory capabilities is an urgent first step toward autonomous robots. This survey provides an overview…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Tatsuya Sakai , Takayuki Nagai

Understanding the predictions made by deep learning models remains a central challenge, especially in high-stakes applications. A promising approach is to equip models with the ability to answer counterfactual questions -- hypothetical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Inwoo Hwang , Yushu Pan , Elias Bareinboim

As deep neural networks (DNNs) get adopted in an ever-increasing number of applications, explainability has emerged as a crucial desideratum for these models. In many real-world tasks, one of the principal reasons for requiring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Vedant Nanda , Till Speicher , John P. Dickerson , Krishna P. Gummadi , Muhammad Bilal Zafar

Despite outstanding contribution to the significant progress of Artificial Intelligence (AI), deep learning models remain mostly black boxes, which are extremely weak in explainability of the reasoning process and prediction results.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Sheng Shi , Xinfeng Zhang , Wei Fan

With the growing pervasiveness of artificial intelligence, the ability to explain the inferences made by machine learning models has become increasingly important. Numerous techniques for model explainability have been proposed, with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Nicola Rossberg , Bennett Kleinberg , Barry O'Sullivan , Luca Longo , Andrea Visentin

There is a need of ensuring machine learning models that are interpretable. Higher interpretability of the model means easier comprehension and explanation of future predictions for end-users. Further, interpretable machine learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Gregor Stiglic , Primoz Kocbek , Nino Fijacko , Marinka Zitnik , Katrien Verbert , Leona Cilar

Explainability is motivated by the lack of transparency of black-box Machine Learning approaches, which do not foster trust and acceptance of Machine Learning algorithms. This also happens in the Predictive Process Monitoring field, where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Williams Rizzi , Marco Comuzzi , Chiara Di Francescomarino , Chiara Ghidini , Suhwan Lee , Fabrizio Maria Maggi , Alexander Nolte

The question of whether to use one classifier or a combination of classifiers is a central topic in Machine Learning. We propose here a method for finding an optimal linear combination of classifiers derived from a bias-variance framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Georgi Nalbantov , Svetoslav Ivanov

It is conventional wisdom in machine learning and data mining that logical models such as rule sets are more interpretable than other models, and that among such rule-based models, simpler models are more interpretable than more complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Johannes Fürnkranz , Tomáš Kliegr , Heiko Paulheim

For applications of machine learning in critical decisions, explainability is a primary concern, and often a regulatory requirement. Local linear methods for generating explanations, such as LIME and SHAP, have been criticized for being…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Joseph L. Breeden

Predictions obtained by, e.g., artificial neural networks have a high accuracy but humans often perceive the models as black boxes. Insights about the decision making are mostly opaque for humans. Particularly understanding the decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Nadia Burkart , Marco F. Huber

This thesis explores the generation of local explanations for already deployed machine learning models, aiming to identify optimal conditions for producing meaningful explanations considering both data and user requirements. The primary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-19 julien Delaunay

Despite the wide use of explainability techniques to attempt to understand the behavior of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the generated explanations may not always be reliable. An explanation can appear plausible to humans but fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Tomás Pereira , João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Machine Learning explainability techniques have been proposed as a means of `explaining' or interrogating a model in order to understand why a particular decision or prediction has been made. Such an ability is especially important at a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-28 Matthew J. Vowels

Neural networks for computer vision extract uninterpretable features despite achieving high accuracy on benchmarks. In contrast, humans can explain their predictions using succinct and intuitive descriptions. To incorporate explainability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Khalid Saifullah , Yuxin Wen , Jonas Geiping , Micah Goldblum , Tom Goldstein