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The ability of overparameterized deep networks to interpolate noisy data, while at the same time showing good generalization performance, has been recently characterized in terms of the double descent curve for the test error. Common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Matteo Gamba , Erik Englesson , Mårten Björkman , Hossein Azizpour

Understanding the fundamental principles behind the success of deep neural networks is one of the most important open questions in the current literature. To this end, we study the training problem of deep neural networks and introduce an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Tolga Ergen , Mert Pilanci

In this work, we provide a characterization of the feature-learning process in two-layer ReLU networks trained by gradient descent on the logistic loss following random initialization. We consider data with binary labels that are generated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Spencer Frei , Niladri S. Chatterji , Peter L. Bartlett

Despite the empirical advances of deep learning across a variety of learning tasks, our theoretical understanding of its success is still very restricted. One of the key challenges is the overparametrized nature of modern models, enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Gregor Bachmann , Lorenzo Noci , Thomas Hofmann

While metric and similarity learning has been extensively studied from several theoretical perspectives, a rigorous understanding of its generalization performance is still lacking. In this paper, we investigate the generalization behavior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Junyu Zhou , Puyu Wang , Ding-Xuan Zhou

Highly over-parameterized models can simultaneously memorize noisy labels and generalize well, yet how these behaviors coexist remains poorly understood. In this work, we investigate the underlying mechanisms of this coexistence using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Linyu Liu , Pinyan Lu

We study deep neural networks (DNNs) trained on natural image data with entirely random labels. Despite its popularity in the literature, where it is often used to study memorization, generalization, and other phenomena, little is known…

Understanding generalization of overparametrized neural networks remains a fundamental challenge in machine learning. Most of the literature mostly studies generalization from an interpolation point of view, taking convergence of parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Etienne Boursier , Nicolas Flammarion

The analysis of neural network training beyond their linearization regime remains an outstanding open question, even in the simplest setup of a single hidden-layer. The limit of infinitely wide networks provides an appealing route forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Jaume de Dios , Joan Bruna

Deep learning relies on good initialization schemes and hyperparameter choices prior to training a neural network. Random weight initializations induce random network ensembles, which give rise to the trainability, training speed, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-25 Rebekka Burkholz , Alina Dubatovka

In the absence of explicit regularization, Kernel "Ridgeless" Regression with nonlinear kernels has the potential to fit the training data perfectly. It has been observed empirically, however, that such interpolated solutions can still…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-27 Tengyuan Liang , Alexander Rakhlin

In the context of neural network models, overparametrization refers to the phenomena whereby these models appear to generalize well on the unseen data, even though the number of parameters significantly exceeds the sample sizes, and the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-25 Matt Emschwiller , David Gamarnik , Eren C. Kızıldağ , Ilias Zadik

This paper investigates discrepancies in how neural networks learn from different imaging domains, which are commonly overlooked when adopting computer vision techniques from the domain of natural images to other specialized domains such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Nicholas Konz , Maciej A. Mazurowski

We study the generalization of two-layer ReLU neural networks in a univariate nonparametric regression problem with noisy labels. This is a problem where kernels (\emph{e.g.} NTK) are provably sub-optimal and benign overfitting does not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Dan Qiao , Kaiqi Zhang , Esha Singh , Daniel Soudry , Yu-Xiang Wang

Unregularized deep neural networks (DNNs) can be easily overfit with a limited sample size. We argue that this is mostly due to the disriminative nature of DNNs which directly model the conditional probability (or score) of labels given the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-11 Shuangfei Zhai , Zhongfei Zhang

Deep Neural Networks are well known for efficiently fitting training data, yet experiencing poor generalization capabilities whenever some kind of bias dominates over the actual task labels, resulting in models learning "shortcuts". In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Pietro Morerio , Ruggero Ragonesi , Vittorio Murino

This dissertation studies a fundamental open challenge in deep learning theory: why do deep networks generalize well even while being overparameterized, unregularized and fitting the training data to zero error? In the first part of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Vaishnavh Nagarajan

Over-parameterized deep neural networks are able to achieve excellent training accuracy while maintaining a small generalization error. It has also been found that they are able to fit arbitrary labels, and this behaviour is referred to as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Futong Liu , Tao Lin , Martin Jaggi

Model-based neural networks provide unparalleled performance for various tasks, such as sparse coding and compressed sensing problems. Due to the strong connection with the sensing model, these networks are interpretable and inherit prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Avner Shultzman , Eyar Azar , Miguel R. D. Rodrigues , Yonina C. Eldar

Neural networks with a large number of parameters often do not overfit, owing to implicit regularization that favors \lq good\rq{} networks. Other related and puzzling phenomena include properties of flat minima, saddle-to-saddle dynamics,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Joachim Bona-Pellissier , François Malgouyres , François Bachoc