Related papers: A dynamical approach towards Collatz conjecture
The dynamics of the second order rational difference equation $\displaystyle{z_{n+1}=\frac{\alpha + \alpha z_{n}+\beta z_{n-1}}{1+z_{n}}}$ with complex parameters $\alpha$, $\beta$ and arbitrary complex initial conditions is investigated.…
Bonazzola, Gourgoulhon, Grandcl\'ement, and Novak [Phys. Rev. D {\bf 70}, 104007 (2004)] proposed a new formulation for 3+1 numerical relativity. Einstein equations result, according to that formalism, in a coupled elliptic-hyperbolic…
In this article we present set of infinite natural numbers which satisfies the conjecture $3n+1$.
Periodic orbits are important objects of discrete dynamical systems, but finding them is not always easy. We present a self-contained introductory account, aimed at non-experts, to prove their existence and study their stability using the…
This article introduces a new kind of number systems on $p$-adic integers which is inspired by the well-known $3n+1$ conjecture of Lothar Collatz. A $p$-adic system is a piecewise function on $\mathbb{Z}_p$ which has branches for all…
We introduce an infinite set of integer mappings that generalize the well-known Collatz-Ulam mapping and we conjecture that an infinite subset of these mappings feature the remarkable property of the Collatz conjecture, namely that they…
We present a finite-order system of recurrence relations for a permanent of circulant matrices containing a band of k any-value diagonals on top of a uniform matrix (for k = 1, 2, and 3) as well as the method for deriving such recurrence…
In this paper we shall show amazing behavior of some discrete maps using Collatze like problems and some advanced theories in analytic number theory and dynamical system,we have investigated the driven cubic-quintic Duffing equation such…
A matrix approach to continuous iteration is proposed for general formal series. It leads, in particular, to an order{to{order iteration of the exponential function, and consequently to an algorithmic approach to tetration. Lower{order…
We establish a deterministic technique to investigate transport moments of arbitrary order. The theory is applied to the analysis of different kinds of intermittent one-dimensional maps and the Lorentz gas with infinite horizon: the typical…
This paper focuses on a wide class of Collatz-type arithmetic dynamics, and presents a systematic derivation of recursive formulas and functional equations satisfied by the associated generating functions. The main tools belong to complex…
In this note, we offer a palatable introduction to the field of arithmetic dynamics. That is, we study the patterns that arise when iterating a polynomial map. This note is accessible to those who have taken an introductory proof based…
Dynamical systems, whether continuous or discrete, are used by physicists in order to study non-linear phenomena. In the case of discrete dynamical systems, one of the most used is the quadratic map depending on a parameter. However, some…
Close, compact, hierarchical, multiple stellar systems, i.e., multiples having an outer orbital period from months to a few years, comprise a small, but continuously growing group of the triple and multiple star zoo. Many of them consist of…
In this paper we introduce and discuss the sequence of \emph{real numbers} defined as $u_0 \in \mathbb R$ and $u_{n+1} = \Delta(u_n)$ where \begin{equation*} \Delta(x) = \begin{cases} \frac{x}{2} &\text{if }…
We establish an equivalent condition to the validity of the Collatz conjecture, using elementary methods. We derive some conclusions and show several examples of our results. We also offer a variety of exercises, problems and conjectures.
Analytic methods to investigate periodic orbits in galactic potentials. To evaluate the quality of the approximation of periodic orbits in the logarithmic potential constructed using perturbation theory based on Hamiltonian normal forms.…
We determine the conditions for the existence or not of cycles for several families of generalized 3x + 1 mappings and develop a method to find them.
While iterating the quadratic polynomial f_{c}(x)=x^{2}+c the degree of the iterates grows very rapidly, and therefore solving the equations corresponding to periodic orbits becomes very difficult even for periodic orbits with a low period.…
The long-term dynamical evolution of a Keplerian binary orbit due to the emission and absorption of gravitational radiation is investigated. This work extends our previous results on transient chaos in the planar case to the three…