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Long-term cooperation, competition, or exploitation among individuals can be modeled through repeated games. In repeated games, Press and Dyson discovered zero-determinant (ZD) strategies that enforce a special relationship between two…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Daiki Miyagawa , Azumi Mamiya , Genki Ichinose

Direct reciprocity is a mechanism for sustaining mutual cooperation in repeated social dilemma games, where a player would keep cooperation to avoid being retaliated by a co-player in the future. So-called zero-determinant (ZD) strategies…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-11-27 Genki Ichinose , Naoki Masuda

Zero-determinant (ZD) strategies, a recently found novel class of strategies in repeated games, has attracted much attention in evolutionary game theory. A ZD strategy unilaterally enforces a linear relation between average payoffs of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Masahiko Ueda , Toshiyuki Tanaka

Repeated games are useful models to analyze long term interactions of living species and complex social phenomena. Zero-determinant (ZD) strategies in repeated games discovered by Press and Dyson in 2012 enforce a linear payoff relationship…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-29 Azumi Mamiya , Daiki Miyagawa , Genki Ichinose

Recent work has revealed a new class of "zero-determinant" (ZD) strategies for iterated, two-player games. ZD strategies allow a player to unilaterally enforce a linear relationship between her score and her opponent's score, and thus…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-12-30 Alexander J. Stewart , Joshua B. Plotkin

Originating in evolutionary game theory, the class of "zero-determinant" strategies enables a player to unilaterally enforce linear payoff relationships in simple repeated games. An upshot of this kind of payoff constraint is that it can…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-26 Nikos Dimou , Alex McAvoy

Zero Determinant (ZD) strategies are a new class of probabilistic and conditional strategies that are able to unilaterally set the expected payoff of an opponent in iterated plays of the Prisoner's Dilemma irrespective of the opponent's…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-08-07 Christoph Adami , Arend Hintze

Repeated game theory has been one of the most prevailing tools for understanding the long-run relationships, which are footstones in building human society. Recent works have revealed a new set of "zero-determinant (ZD)" strategies, which…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-11 Dong Hao , Zhihai Rong , Tao Zhou

Zero-determinant strategies are a class of strategies in repeated games which unilaterally control payoffs. Zero-determinant strategies have attracted much attention in studies of social dilemma, particularly in the context of evolution of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-11-11 Masahiko Ueda

Mixed extension has played an important role in game theory, especially in the proof of the existence of Nash equilibria in strategic form games. Mixed extension can be regarded as continuous relaxation of a strategic form game. Recently,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-05 Masahiko Ueda , Ayaka Fujita

Since Press and Dyson's ingenious discovery of ZD (zero-determinant) strategy in the repeated Prisoner's Dilemma game, several studies have confirmed the existence of ZD strategy in repeated multiplayer social dilemmas. However, few…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-15 Fang Chen , Te Wu , Long Wang

Zero-determinant strategies are a class of memory-one strategies in repeated games which unilaterally enforce linear relationships between payoffs. It has long been unclear for what stage games zero-determinant strategies exist. We provide…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-07-12 Masahiko Ueda

This paper studies the mechanisms, implications, and potential applications of the recently discovered class of Zero Determinant (ZD) strategies in iterated 2x2 games. These strategies were reported to successfully extort pure economic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-08-13 Lars Roemheld

A formula is presented for designing zero-determinant(ZD) strategies of general finite games, which have $n$ players and players can have different numbers of strategies. To this end, using semi-tensor product (STP) of matrices, the profile…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Daizhan Cheng

Direct reciprocity and conditional cooperation are important mechanisms to prevent free riding in social dilemmas. But in large groups these mechanisms may become ineffective, because they require single individuals to have a substantial…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-11-05 Christian Hilbe , Arne Traulsen , Bin Wu , Martin A. Nowak

Repeated games are a framework for investigating long-term interdependence of multi-agent systems. In repeated games, zero-determinant (ZD) strategies attract much attention in evolutionary game theory, since they can unilaterally control…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-23 Ken Nakamura , Masahiko Ueda

Recent theory shows that extortioners taking advantage of the zero-determinant (ZD) strategy can unilaterally claim an unfair share of the payoffs in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma. It is thus suggested that against a fixed extortioner,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-01-13 Xingru Chen , Feng Fu

In iterated games, a player can unilaterally exert influence over the outcome through a careful choice of strategy. A powerful class of such "payoff control" strategies was discovered by Press and Dyson (2012). Their so-called…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Arjun Mirani , Alex McAvoy

The theory of repeated games analyzes the long-term relationship of interacting players and mathematically reveals the condition of how cooperation is achieved, which is not achieved in a one-shot game. In the repeated prisoner's dilemma…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-20 Azumi Mamiya , Genki Ichinose

Recently, Press and Dyson have proposed a new class of probabilistic and conditional strategies for the two-player iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, so-called zero-determinant strategies. A player adopting zero-determinant strategies is able to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-17 Liming Pan , Dong Hao , Zhihai Rong , Tao Zhou
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