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In this work we investigate the reasons why Batch Normalization (BN) improves the generalization performance of deep networks. We argue that one major reason, distinguishing it from data-independent normalization methods, is randomness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Alexander Shekhovtsov , Boris Flach

Batch Normalization (BN) has played a pivotal role in the success of deep learning by improving training stability, mitigating overfitting, and enabling more effective optimization. However, its adoption in deep reinforcement learning (DRL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Li Wang , Sudun , Xingjian Zhang , Wenjun Wu , Lei Huang

Continual learning entails learning a sequence of tasks and balancing their knowledge appropriately. With limited access to old training samples, much of the current work in deep neural networks has focused on overcoming catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Yilin Lyu , Liyuan Wang , Xingxing Zhang , Zicheng Sun , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Liping Jing

Batch Normalization (BN) improves both convergence and generalization in training neural networks. This work understands these phenomena theoretically. We analyze BN by using a basic block of neural networks, consisting of a kernel layer, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Ping Luo , Xinjiang Wang , Wenqi Shao , Zhanglin Peng

A significant advance in accelerating neural network training has been the development of normalization methods, permitting the training of deep models both faster and with better accuracy. These advances come with practical challenges: for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Jasmine Collins , Johannes Balle , Jonathon Shlens

In this paper, we propose a generalization of the Batch Normalization (BN) algorithm, diminishing batch normalization (DBN), where we update the BN parameters in a diminishing moving average way. BN is very effective in accelerating the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Yintai Ma , Diego Klabjan

Complex learning rate schedules have become an integral part of deep learning. We find empirically that common fine-tuned schedules decay the learning rate after the weight norm bounces. This leads to the proposal of ABEL: an automatic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Aitor Lewkowycz

Regularization is a set of techniques that are used to improve the generalization ability of deep neural networks. In this paper, we introduce spectral batch normalization (SBN), a novel effective method to improve generalization by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Rinor Cakaj , Jens Mehnert , Bin Yang

Deep neural networks often suffer the data distribution shift between training and testing, and the batch statistics are observed to reflect the shift. In this paper, targeting of alleviating distribution shift in test time, we revisit the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Tao Yang , Shenglong Zhou , Yuwang Wang , Yan Lu , Nanning Zheng

Normalization techniques such as Batch Normalization have been applied successfully for training deep neural networks. Yet, despite its apparent empirical benefits, the reasons behind the success of Batch Normalization are mostly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-09 Jonas Kohler , Hadi Daneshmand , Aurelien Lucchi , Ming Zhou , Klaus Neymeyr , Thomas Hofmann

Deep convolutional neural networks are known to be unstable during training at high learning rate unless normalization techniques are employed. Normalizing weights or activations allows the use of higher learning rates, resulting in faster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Brendan Ruff , Taylor Beck , Joscha Bach

Utilizing recently introduced concepts from statistics and quantitative risk management, we present a general variant of Batch Normalization (BN) that offers accelerated convergence of Neural Network training compared to conventional BN. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Xiaoyong Yuan , Zheng Feng , Matthew Norton , Xiaolin Li

Batch Normalization (BN) is an important preprocessing step to many deep learning applications. Since it is a data-dependent process, for some homogeneous datasets it is a redundant or even a performance-degrading process. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Wael Alsobhi , Tarik Alafif , Alaa Abdel-Hakim , Weiwei Zong

Modern deep learning architecture utilize batch normalization (BN) to stabilize training and improve accuracy. It has been shown that the BN layers alone are surprisingly expressive. In the context of robustness against adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Nils Philipp Walter , David Stutz , Bernt Schiele

Batch normalization (BN) is a milestone technique in deep learning. It normalizes the activation using mini-batch statistics during training but the estimated population statistics during inference. This paper focuses on investigating the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Lei Huang , Yi Zhou , Tian Wang , Jie Luo , Xianglong Liu

Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is a widely adopted technique that enables faster and more stable training of deep neural networks (DNNs). Despite its pervasiveness, the exact reasons for BatchNorm's effectiveness are still poorly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-16 Shibani Santurkar , Dimitris Tsipras , Andrew Ilyas , Aleksander Madry

Batch Normalization (BN) has been a standard component in designing deep neural networks (DNNs). Although the standard BN can significantly accelerate the training of DNNs and improve the generalization performance, it has several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Yong Guo , Qingyao Wu , Chaorui Deng , Jian Chen , Mingkui Tan

The unprecedented growth of deep learning models has enabled remarkable advances but introduced substantial computational bottlenecks. A key factor contributing to training efficiency is batch-size and learning-rate scheduling in stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Hikaru Umeda , Hideaki Iiduka

Large-batch SGD is important for scaling training of deep neural networks. However, without fine-tuning hyperparameter schedules, the generalization of the model may be hampered. We propose to use batch augmentation: replicating instances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Elad Hoffer , Tal Ben-Nun , Itay Hubara , Niv Giladi , Torsten Hoefler , Daniel Soudry

Normalization layers have recently experienced a renaissance in the deep reinforcement learning and continual learning literature, with several works highlighting diverse benefits such as improving loss landscape conditioning and combatting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Clare Lyle , Zeyu Zheng , Khimya Khetarpal , James Martens , Hado van Hasselt , Razvan Pascanu , Will Dabney