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We study the expected number of real zeros for random linear combinations of orthogonal polynomials. It is well known that Kac polynomials, spanned by monomials with i.i.d. Gaussian coefficients, have only $(2/\pi + o(1))\log{n}$ expected…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-07 Doron S. Lubinsky , Igor E. Pritsker , Xiaoju Xie

A quantum ${\mathbb P}^3$ is a noncommutative analogue of a polynomial ring on four variables, and, herein, it is taken to be a regular algebra of global dimension four. It is well known that if a generic quadratic quantum ${\mathbb P}^3$…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2015-06-08 Richard G. Chandler , Michaela Vancliff

Roots of random polynomials have been studied exclusively in both analysis and probability for a long time. A famous result by Ibragimov and Maslova, generalizing earlier fundamental works of Kac and Erdos-Offord, showed that the…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-05 Hoi Nguyen , Oanh Nguyen , Van Vu

The expected number of real projective roots of orthogonally invariant random homogeneous real polynomial systems is known to be equal to the square root of the B\'ezout number. A similar result is known for random multi-homogeneous…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Gregorio Malajovich

In this, the first of three papers about $C_2$-equivariant complex quadrics, we calculate the equivariant ordinary cohomology of smooth antisymmetric quadrics. One of these quadrics coincides with a $C_2$-equivariant Grassmannian, and we…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Steven R. Costenoble , Thomas Hudson

We provide an elementary geometric derivation of the Kac integral formula for the expected number of real zeros of a random polynomial with independent standard normally distributed coefficients. We show that the expected number of real…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Alan Edelman , Eric Kostlan

We prove that the enumerative geometry of lines on smooth cubic surfaces is governed by the arithmetic of the base field. In 1949, Segre proved that the number of lines on a smooth cubic surface over any field is 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, or…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-04 Stephen McKean

We study linear systems of surfaces in $\mathbb{P}^3$ singular along general lines. Our purpose is to identify and classify special systems of such surfaces, i.e., those nonempty systems where the conditions imposed by the multiple lines…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-01-15 M. Dumnicki , B. Harbourne , J. Roé , T. Szemberg , H. Tutaj-Gasińska

A polynomial transformation of the real plane $\Bbb R^2$ is a mapping $\Bbb R^2\to\Bbb R^2$ given by two polynomials of two variables. Such a transformation is called cubic if the degrees of its polynomials are not greater than three. In…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-08-20 Ruslan Sharipov

We extend the classical Schubert calculus of enumerative geometry for the Grassmann variety of lines in projective space from the complex realm to the real. Specifically, given any collection of Schubert conditions on lines in projective…

alg-geom · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Frank Sottile

We analyse uniform random cubic rooted planar maps and obtain limiting distributions for several parameters of interest. From the enumerative point of view, we present a unified approach for the enumeration of several classes of cubic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-04 Michael Drmota , Marc Noy , Clément Requilé , Juanjo Rué

Given a knot K in an Euclidean space E and a finite dimensional space V of smooth functions on K, we express the expected number of critical points of a random function in V in terms of an integral-geometric invariant of K and V. When V…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-06-09 Liviu I. Nicolaescu

We classify all cubic systems possessing the maximum number of invariant straight lines (real or complex) taking into account their multiplicities. We prove that there are exactly 23 topological different classes of such systems. For every…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jaume Llibre , Nicolae Vulpe

The attempted classification of regular algebras of global dimension four, so-called quantum $\mathbb P^3$s, has been a driving force for modern research in noncommutative algebra. Inspired by the work of Artin, Tate, and Van den Bergh,…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-05-31 D. Tomlin , M. Vancliff

We prove that the number of legendrian rational cubics in $\mathbb C P^3$ through three generic points and a line is three; also we classify all legendrian curves on a quadric surface. Several computations are additionally verified using…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Nikita Kalinin

We develop a heuristic for the density of integer points on affine cubic surfaces. Our heuristic applies to smooth surfaces defined by cubic polynomials that are log K3, but it can also be adjusted to handle singular cubic surfaces. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-24 Tim Browning , Florian Wilsch

In this, the last of three papers about $C_2$-equivariant complex quadrics, we complete the calculation of the equivariant ordinary cohomology of smooth symmetric quadrics in the cases where the fixed sets have more than two components.…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-11-19 Steven R. Costenoble , Thomas Hudson

It is well known that a random cosine polynomial $ V_n(x) = \sum_ {j=0} ^{n} a_j \cos (j x) , \ x \in (0,2 \pi) $, with the coefficients being independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) real-valued standard Gaussian random variables…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-08-23 Ali Pirhadi

We study the expected number of real zeros for random linear combinations of orthogonal polynomials. It is well known that Kac polynomials, spanned by monomials with i.i.d. Gaussian coefficients, have only $(2/\pi + o(1))\log{n}$ expected…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-19 Igor E. Pritsker , Xiaoju Xie

We investigate the asymptotics of the expected number of real roots of random trigonometric polynomials $$ X_n(t)=u+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\sum_{k=1}^n (A_k\cos(kt)+B_k\sin(kt)), \quad t\in [0,2\pi],\quad u\in\mathbb{R} $$ whose coefficients…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-01-11 Hendrik Flasche