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Similar to convolution neural networks, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) typically suffer from over-parameterization. Quantizing bit-widths of weights and activations results in runtime efficiency on hardware, yet it often comes at the cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-30 Supriya Kapur , Asit Mishra , Debbie Marr

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) typically require massive amount of computation resource in inference tasks for computer vision applications. Quantization can significantly reduce DNN computation and storage by decreasing the bitwidth of…

Post-training quantization (PTQ) compresses the weights and activations of large language models (LLMs) into low-precision representations to reduce memory footprint and accelerate inference. However, the presence of outliers in weights and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yesheng Liang , Haisheng Chen , Zihan Zhang , Song Han , Zhijian Liu

Transformer architecture has become the fundamental element of the widespread natural language processing~(NLP) models. With the trends of large NLP models, the increasing memory and computation costs hinder their efficient deployment on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Xiuying Wei , Yunchen Zhang , Xiangguo Zhang , Ruihao Gong , Shanghang Zhang , Qi Zhang , Fengwei Yu , Xianglong Liu

We introduce a quantization-aware training algorithm that guarantees avoiding numerical overflow when reducing the precision of accumulators during inference. We leverage weight normalization as a means of constraining parameters during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Ian Colbert , Alessandro Pappalardo , Jakoba Petri-Koenig

As Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) usually are overparameterized and have millions of weight parameters, it is challenging to deploy these large DNN models on resource-constrained hardware platforms, e.g., smartphones. Numerous network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Peng Hu , Xi Peng , Hongyuan Zhu , Mohamed M. Sabry Aly , Jie Lin

Quantization neural networks (QNNs) are very attractive to the industry because their extremely cheap calculation and storage overhead, but their performance is still worse than that of networks with full-precision parameters. Most of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Chuanjian Liu , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang , Hanting Chen , Qi Tian , Chunjing Xu

Multi-bit quantization networks enable flexible deployment of deep neural networks by supporting multiple precision levels within a single model. However, existing approaches suffer from significant training overhead as full-dataset updates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jinhee Kim , Jae Jun An , Kang Eun Jeon , Jong Hwan Ko

Large language models (LLMs) show impressive performance in solving complex language tasks. However, its large number of parameters presents significant challenges for the deployment. So, compressing LLMs to low bits can enable to deploy on…

Large language models (LLMs) have made exciting achievements across various domains, yet their deployment on resource-constrained personal devices remains hindered by the prohibitive computational and memory demands of task-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hong Huang , Dapeng Wu

While 4-bit quantization is essential for high-throughput deployment of Large Language Models, activation outliers often lead to significant accuracy degradation due to the restricted dynamic range of low-bit formats. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zhiyuan Zhang , Yanzhao Li , Zhiqiang Zou , Bai Du , Yupeng Sun , Hui Dong , Hui Wang

We consider the problem of accurate quantization for language models, where both the weights and activations are uniformly quantized to 4 bits per parameter, the lowest bitwidth format natively supported by GPU hardware. In this context,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Aniruddha Nrusimha , Mayank Mishra , Naigang Wang , Dan Alistarh , Rameswar Panda , Yoon Kim

Post-training quantization attracts increasing attention due to its convenience in deploying quantized neural networks. Although rounding-to-nearest remains the prevailing method for DNN quantization, prior research has demonstrated its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Zhengyi Li , Cong Guo , Zhanda Zhu , Yangjie Zhou , Yuxian Qiu , Xiaotian Gao , Jingwen Leng , Minyi Guo

Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs), which use low bitwidth numbers for representing parameters and performing computations, have been proposed to reduce the computation complexity, storage size and memory usage. In QNNs, parameters and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Shuchang Zhou , Yuzhi Wang , He Wen , Qinyao He , Yuheng Zou

Quantizing deep neural networks is an effective method for reducing memory consumption and improving inference speed, and is thus useful for implementation in resource-constrained devices. However, it is still hard for extremely low-bit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Kohei Yamamoto

Network quantization has emerged as one of the most practical model compression techniques, which significantly reduces a model's memory and compute consumption by mapping floating-point numbers to low-bit representations. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Peilin Sun , Jianxin Wu

Post-training quantization (PTQ) techniques applied to weights, activations, and the KV cache greatly reduce memory usage, latency, and power consumption of Large Language Models (LLMs), but may lead to large quantization errors when…

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in image generation but come with significant computational costs, posing challenges for deployment in resource-constrained environments. Recent post-training quantization (PTQ) methods have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Dongyeun Lee , Jiwan Hur , Hyounguk Shon , Jae Young Lee , Junmo Kim

Post-training quantization has emerged as the most widely used strategy for deploying large language models at low precision. Still, current methods show perplexity degradation at bit-widths less than or equal to 4, partly because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Lorenz K. Müller , Philippe Bich , Jiawei Zhuang , Ahmet Çelik , Luca Benfenati , Lukas Cavigelli

Existing weight-activation quantization methods for Large Language Models (LLMs) primarily address channel-wise outliers but often neglect token-wise outliers, which limits the accuracy of quantized models. In this work, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Mengzhao Chen , Yi Liu , Jiahao Wang , Yi Bin , Wenqi Shao , Ping Luo