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Gaussian processes (GPs) are ubiquitous tools for modeling and predicting continuous processes in physical and engineering sciences. This is partly due to the fact that one may employ a Gaussian process as an interpolator while facilitating…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-16 D. Andrew Brown , Peter Kiessler , John Nicholson

While Gaussian processes (GPs) are the method of choice for regression tasks, they also come with practical difficulties, as inference cost scales cubic in time and quadratic in memory. In this paper, we introduce a natural and expressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Martin Trapp , Robert Peharz , Carl E. Rasmussen , Franz Pernkopf

Gaussian processes (GPs) have gained popularity as flexible machine learning models for regression and function approximation with an in-built method for uncertainty quantification. However, GPs suffer when the amount of training data is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-26 Jonas Latz , Aretha L. Teckentrup , Simon Urbainczyk

The Gaussian process (GP) is a widely used probabilistic machine learning method with implicit uncertainty characterization for stochastic function approximation, stochastic modeling, and analyzing real-world measurements of nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-14 Mark D. Risser , Marcus M. Noack , Hengrui Luo , Ronald Pandolfi

Several machine learning problems arising in natural language processing can be modeled as a sequence labeling problem. We provide Gaussian process models based on pseudo-likelihood approximation to perform sequence labeling. Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-22 P. K. Srijith , P. Balamurugan , Shirish Shevade

Gaussian processes are powerful models for probabilistic machine learning, but are limited in application by their $O(N^3)$ inference complexity. We propose a method for deriving parametric families of kernel functions with compact spatial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Jarred Barber

We present a theoretically grounded Gaussian process framework that leverages neural feature maps to construct expressive kernels. We show that the learned feature map can be interpreted as an optimal low-rank approximation to a Gram matrix…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Anthony Stephenson

Gaussian process (GP) is a Bayesian model which provides several advantages for regression tasks in machine learning such as reliable quantitation of uncertainty and improved interpretability. Their adoption has been precluded by their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Jonathan Parkinson , Wei Wang

Current methods for stochastic hyperparameter learning in Gaussian Processes (GPs) rely on approximations, such as computing biased stochastic gradients or using inducing points in stochastic variational inference. However, when using such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Neta Shoham , Haim Avron

Learning expressive kernels while retaining tractable inference remains a central challenge in scaling Gaussian processes (GPs) to large and complex datasets. We propose a scalable GP regressor based on deep basis kernels (DBKs). Our DBK is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-05 Yunqin Zhu , Henry Shaowu Yuchi , Yao Xie

Gaussian Process (GP) regression is a powerful nonparametric Bayesian framework, but its performance depends critically on the choice of covariance kernel. Selecting an appropriate kernel is therefore central to model quality, yet remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Md Shafiqul Islam , Shakti Prasad Padhy , Douglas Allaire , Raymundo Arróyave

Deep kernel learning refers to a Gaussian process that incorporates neural networks to improve the modelling of complex functions. We present a method that makes this approach feasible for problems where the data consists of line integral…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-05 Carl Jidling , Johannes Hendriks , Thomas B. Schön , Adrian Wills

In many real-world applications we are interested in approximating costly functions that are analytically unknown, e.g. complex computer codes. An emulator provides a fast approximation of such functions relying on a limited number of…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-02 Hossein Mohammadi , Peter Challenor , Marc Goodfellow , Daniel Williamson

A common theoretical approach to understanding neural networks is to take an infinite-width limit, at which point the outputs become Gaussian process (GP) distributed. This is known as a neural network Gaussian process (NNGP). However, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-26 Ben Anson , Edward Milsom , Laurence Aitchison

Gaussian processes (GP) are Bayesian non-parametric models that are widely used for probabilistic regression. Unfortunately, it cannot scale well with large data nor perform real-time predictions due to its cubic time cost in the data size.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Jie Chen , Nannan Cao , Kian Hsiang Low , Ruofei Ouyang , Colin Keng-Yan Tan , Patrick Jaillet

Gaussian processes (GP) are Bayesian non-parametric models that are widely used for probabilistic regression. Unfortunately, it cannot scale well with large data nor perform real-time predictions due to its cubic time cost in the data size.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-05-27 Jie Chen , Nannan Cao , Kian Hsiang Low , Ruofei Ouyang , Colin Keng-Yan Tan , Patrick Jaillet

Gaussian Processes (GPs) provide a general and analytically tractable way of modeling complex time-varying, nonparametric functions. The Automatic Bayesian Covariance Discovery (ABCD) system constructs natural-language description of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-15 Yunseong Hwang , Anh Tong , Jaesik Choi

Continuous input signals like images and time series that are irregularly sampled or have missing values are challenging for existing deep learning methods. Coherently defined feature representations must depend on the values in unobserved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Marc Finzi , Roberto Bondesan , Max Welling

A recent series of theoretical works showed that the dynamics of neural networks with a certain initialisation are well-captured by kernel methods. Concurrent empirical work demonstrated that kernel methods can come close to the performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Maria Refinetti , Sebastian Goldt , Florent Krzakala , Lenka Zdeborová

We propose an active learning method for discovering low-dimensional structure in high-dimensional Gaussian process (GP) tasks. Such problems are increasingly frequent and important, but have hitherto presented severe practical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-10-28 Roman Garnett , Michael A. Osborne , Philipp Hennig