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The COBE results, to be followed in the near future by other Cosmic Microwave Background measurements, are providing us with a new fundamental tool to probe the formation of large scale structure in the Universe, and in so doing to…
Financial inclusion and inclusive growth are the buzzwords today. Inclusive growth empowers people belonging to vulnerable sections. This in turn depends upon a variety of factors, the most important being financial inclusion, which plays a…
We present a model which contains a new complex scalar field $\Psi$, interacting with a new real scalar field, $\chi$, and an effective potential whose symmetry is almost exact, being explicitly broken by Planck-scale effects. We study the…
There is substantial evidence that Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can generate bias against minorities, women, and other protected classes. Federal and state laws have been enacted to protect consumers…
The education system is getting diversified, challenged, and blended for the overwhelming advancement of disruptive technology. The core purpose of this chapter is to visualize the probable solutions of the modern education system using…
We review the unification of early-time inflation with late-time acceleration in several local modified gravity models which pass Solar System and cosmological tests. It is also demonstrated that account of non-local gravitational…
The pursuit of having an appropriate level of income inequality should be viewed as one of the biggest challenges facing academic scholars as well as policy makers. Unfortunately, research on this issue is currently lacking. This study is…
Debiased recommendation with a randomized dataset has shown very promising results in mitigating the system-induced biases. However, it still lacks more theoretical insights or an ideal optimization objective function compared with the…
A model of inflation is proposed in which compact extra dimensions allow a graceful exit without recourse to flat potentials or super-Planckian field values. Though bubbles of true vacuum are too sparse to uniformly reheat the Universe by…
This research provides a critical analysis regarding the way blockchain is being implemented in the financial industry, highlighting its vital role in promoting green finance, guaranteeing compliance with regulations, improving supply chain…
Economic competition between humans leads to income inequality, but, so far, there has been little understanding of underlying quantitative mechanisms governing such a collective behavior. We analyze datasets of household income from 67…
American income inequality, generally estimated with tax data, in the 20th century is widely recognized to have followed a U-curve, though debates persist over the extent of this curve, specifically regarding how high the peaks are and how…
This paper presents an integrating decision support system to model food security in the UK. In ever-larger dynamic systems, such as the food system, it is increasingly difficult for decision-makers to effectively account for all the…
Imbalanced data are frequently encountered in real-world classification tasks. Previous works on imbalanced learning mostly focused on learning with a minority class of few samples. However, the notion of imbalance also applies to cases…
This paper proposes a model of tax compliance and fiscal capacity grounded in universalization reasoning. Citizens partially internalize the consequences of concealment by imagining a world in which everyone acted similarly, linking their…
We consider an intermediate Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) inflationary model in the presence of a minimal measurable length in the theory. We show that, the presence of a minimal measurable length modifies the definitions of the scalar and tensor…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing exponentially and is likely to have profound impacts on human wellbeing, social equity, and environmental sustainability. Here we argue that the "alignment problem" in AI research is also an…
Heterogeneous treatment effects are of major interest in economics. For example, a poverty reduction measure would be best evaluated by its effects on those who would be poor in the absence of the treatment, or by the share among the poor…
We use a controlled laboratory experiment to study the causal impact of income decreases within a time period on redistribution decisions at the end of that period, in an environment where we keep fixed the sum of incomes over the period.…
Workers who earn at or below the minimum wage in the United States are mostly either less educated, young, or female. Little is known, however, concerning the extent to which the minimum wage influences wage differentials among workers with…