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The writing energy for reversing the magnetization of the free layer in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is a key figure of merit for comparing the performances of magnetic random access memories with competing technologies. Magnetization…

The magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is a backbone device for spintronics. Realizing next generation energy efficient MTJs will require operating mechanisms beyond the standard means of applying magnetic fields or large electrical currents.…

Probabilistic computing using random number generators (RNGs) can leverage the inherent stochasticity of nanodevices for system-level benefits. The magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) has been studied as an RNG due to its thermally-driven…

Various constraints of Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) are leading to consider new memory technologies as candidates for building on-chip shared last-level caches (SLLCs). Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) is currently postulated as the…

We demonstrate that thermally stable perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJs), widely used in spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory, can be actuated with nanosecond pulses to exhibit tunable stochastic behavior. This…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Ahmed Sidi El Valli , Michael Tsao , Dairong Chen , Andrew D. Kent

We present micromagnetic simulations and experiments on voltage-assisted field switching in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) free layer, where the magnetic state of one sublayer is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 K. Fan , S. V. Beek , G. Talmelli , V. Kateel , D. Giuliano , B. Vermeulen , K. Cai , B. Sorée , J. D. Boeck , R. Carpenter , S. Rao , S. Couet , V. D. Nguyen , G. S. Kar

We demonstrate the reduction of critical spin-transfer torque (STT) switching currents in Co-Fe-B/MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) with perpendicular magnetization anisotropy (PMA). The junctions yield tunnel magnetoresistance…

Topological spin textures such as magnetic skyrmions hold considerable promise as robust, nanometre-scale, mobile bits for sustainable computing. A longstanding roadblock to unleashing their potential is the absence of a device enabling…

True random number generators (TRNGs) are fundamental building blocks for many applications, such as cryptography, Monte Carlo simulations, neuromorphic computing, and probabilistic computing. While perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions…

Flexible electronics is an emerging field in many applications ranging from in vivo biomedical devices to wearable smart systems. The capability of conforming to curved surfaces opens the door to add electronic components to miniaturized…

We numerically study ultra fast resonant spin torque (ST) magnetization reversal in magnetic tunnelling junctions (MTJ) driven by current pulses having a direct current (DC) and a resonant alternating current (AC) component. The…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-19 L. Fricke , S. Serrano-Guisan , H. W. Schumacher

In artificial neural networks, neurons are usually implemented with highly dissipative CMOS-based operational amplifiers. A more energy-efficient implementation is a 'spin-neuron' realized with a magneto-tunneling junction (MTJ) that is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-07-27 Ayan K. Biswas , Jayasimha Atulasimha , Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

In this paper, we develop a 6-input fracturable non-volatile Clockless LUT (C-LUT) using spin Hall effect (SHE)-based Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) and provide a detailed comparison between the SHE-MTJ-based C-LUT and Spin Transfer…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Soheil Salehi , Ramtin Zand , Ronald F. DeMara

Voltage driven magneto-electric (ME) switching of ferro-magnets has shown potential for future low-energy spintronic memories. In this paper, we first analyze two different ME devices viz. ME-MTJ and ME-XNOR device with respect to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-01-31 Akhilesh Jaiswal , Indranil Chakraborty , Kaushik Roy

Flexible electronic devices require the integration of multiple crucial components on soft substrates to achieve their functions. In particular, memory devices are the fundamental component for data storage and processing in flexible…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-03-15 Li Ming Loong , Wonho Lee , Xuepeng Qiu , Ping Yang , Hiroyo Kawai , Mark Saeys , Jong-Hyun Ahn , Hyunsoo Yang

We propose a novel spin-orbit torque (SOT) driven and voltage-gated domain wall motion (DWM)-based MTJ device and its application in neuromorphic computing. We show that by utilizing the voltage-controlled gating effect on the DWM, the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-12-20 Aijaz H Lone , Hanrui Li , Nazek El-Atab , Xiaohang Li , Hossein Fariborzi

Impact of spin transfer torque (STT) on the write error rate of a voltage-torque-based magnetoresistive random access memory is theoretically analyzed by using the macrospin model. During the voltage pulse the STT assists or suppresses the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-06-04 Hiroshi Imamura , Rie Matsumoto

Naturally random devices that exploit ambient thermal noise have recently attracted attention as hardware primitives for accelerating probabilistic computing applications. One such approach is to use a low barrier nanomagnet as the free…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Kerem Y. Camsari , Mustafa Mert Torunbalci , William A. Borders , Hideo Ohno , Shunsuke Fukami

With the staggering increase of edge compute applications like Internet-of-Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), the demand for fast, energy-efficient on-chip memory is growing. While the fast and mature static random-access memory…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Albi Mema , Simon Thomann , Narendra Singh Dhakad , Hussam Amrouch

Physical devices exhibiting stochastic functions with low energy consumption and high device density have the potential to enable complex probability-based computing algorithms, accelerate machine learning tasks, and enhance hardware…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-09-17 Dooyong Koh , Qiuyuan Wang , Brooke C. McGoldrick , Chung-Tao Chou , Luqiao Liu , Marc A. Baldo