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Challenge Theory (Shye & Haber 2015; 2020) has demonstrated that a newly devised challenge index (CI) attributable to every binary choice problem predicts the popularity of the bold option, the one of lower probability to gain a higher…

General Economics · Economics 2020-03-30 Samuel Shye , Ido Haber

Computer modeling of human decision making is of large importance for, e.g., sustainable transport, urban development, and online recommendation systems. In this paper we present a model for predicting the behavior of an individual during a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Chenda Zhang , Hedvig Kjellström

Cumulative prospect theory (CPT) is known to model human decisions well, with substantial empirical evidence supporting this claim. CPT works by distorting probabilities and is more general than the classic expected utility and coherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Prashanth L. A. , Cheng Jie , Michael Fu , Steve Marcus , Csaba Szepesvári

This paper extends my research applying statistical decision theory to treatment choice with sample data, using maximum regret to evaluate the performance of treatment rules. The specific new contribution is to study as-if optimization…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-10-05 Charles F. Manski

Normative decision theory proves inadequate for modeling human responses to the social-engineering campaigns of Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks. Behavioral decision theory fares better, but still falls short of capturing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Iain Embrey , Kim Kaivanto

We study individual decision-making behavioral on generic view. Using a formal mathematical model, we investigate the action mechanism of decision behavioral under subjective perception changing of task attributes. Our model is built on…

General Economics · Economics 2018-09-14 Xingguang Chen

Understanding human driving behavior is important for autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we propose an interpretable human behavior model in interactive driving scenarios based on the cumulative prospect theory (CPT). As a non-expected…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Liting Sun , Wei Zhan , Yeping Hu , Masayoshi Tomizuka

How should we evaluate the effect of a policy on the likelihood of an undesirable event, such as conflict? The significance test has three limitations. First, relying on statistical significance misses the fact that uncertainty is a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-03 Akisato Suzuki

Hybrid controlled trials (HCTs), which augment randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with external controls (ECs), are increasingly receiving attention as a way to address limited power, slow accrual, and ethical concerns in clinical…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-02 Jiajun Liu , Ke Zhu , Shu Yang , Xiaofei Wang

The inputs and preferences of human users are important considerations in situations where these users interact with autonomous cyber or cyber-physical systems. In these scenarios, one is often interested in aligning behaviors of the system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Luyao Niu , Andrew Clark , Radha Poovendran

When making decisions under risk, people often exhibit behaviors that classical economic theories cannot explain. Newer models that attempt to account for these irrational behaviors often lack neuroscience bases and require the introduction…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-01-24 Ho Ka Chan , Taro Toyoizumi

We propose and axiomatize the categorical thinking model (CTM) in which the framing of the decision problem affects how agents categorize alternatives, that in turn affects their evaluation of it. Prominent models of salience, status quo…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-02-02 Andrew Ellis , Yusufcan Masatlioglu

In this letter, the optimality of the likelihood ratio test (LRT) is investigated for binary hypothesis testing problems in the presence of a behavioral decision-maker. By utilizing prospect theory, a behavioral decision-maker is modeled to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Sinan Gezici , Pramod K. Varshney

The rapid growth of e-commerce has made people accustomed to shopping online. Before making purchases on e-commerce websites, most consumers tend to rely on rating scores and review information to make purchase decisions. With this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Yingqiang Ge , Shuyuan Xu , Shuchang Liu , Zuohui Fu , Fei Sun , Yongfeng Zhang

Risk behavior can have substantial consequences for health, well-being, and functioning. Previous studies have shown an association between real-world risk behavior and risk behavior on experimental tasks, such as the Columbia Card Task,…

Applications · Statistics 2025-01-08 Nienke F. S. Dijkstra , Henning Tiemeier , Bernd C. Figner , Patrick J. F. Groenen

Probabilistic models can learn users' preferences from the history of their item adoptions on a social media site, and in turn, recommend new items to users based on learned preferences. However, current models ignore psychological factors…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2013-11-07 Jeon-Hyung Kang , Kristina Lerman

In health psychology, Behaviour Change Theories(BCTs) play an important role in modelling human goal achievement in adverse environments. Some of these theories use concepts that are also used in computational modelling of cognition and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Catriona M. Kennedy

It is common to encounter the situation with uncertainty for decision makers (DMs) in dealing with a complex decision making problem. The existing evidence shows that people usually fear the extreme uncertainty named as the unknown. This…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-08-05 Fang Liu

Organizational decision-making is crucial for success, yet cognitive biases can significantly affect risk preferences, leading to suboptimal outcomes. Risk seeking preferences for losses, driven by biases such as loss aversion, pose…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Eduardo da C. Ramos , Maria Luiza M. Campos , Fernanda Baião

Safety is essential for reinforcement learning (RL) applied in real-world situations. Chance constraints are suitable to represent the safety requirements in stochastic systems. Previous chance-constrained RL methods usually have a low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Baiyu Peng , Yao Mu , Yang Guan , Shengbo Eben Li , Yuming Yin , Jianyu Chen
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