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Cosmological models that invoke warm or cold dark matter can not explain observed regularities in the properties of dwarf galaxies, their highly anisotropic spatial distributions, nor the correlation between observed mass discrepancies and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-01-22 Pavel Kroupa , Marcel Pawlowski , Mordehai Milgrom

The MOND paradigm posits a departure from standard Newtonian dynamics, and from General Relativity, in the limit of small accelerations. The resulting modified dynamics aim to account for the mass discrepancies in the universe without…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-09 Mordehai Milgrom

Galactic systems, and the Universe at large, exhibit large dynamical anomalies: The observed matter in them falls very short of providing enough gravity to account for their dynamics. The mainstream response to this conundrum is to invoke…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-07-25 Mordehai Milgrom

I describe the MOND paradigm, which posits a departure from standard physics below a certain acceleration scale. This acceleration as deduced from the dynamics in galaxies is found mysteriously to agree with the cosmic acceleration scales…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-10-11 Mordehai Milgrom

The Modified dynamics (MOND) has been propounded as an alternative to Dark matter. It imputes the mass discrepancy in galaxy systems to failure of standard dynamics in the limit of small accelerations. After a brief description of the MOND…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mordehai Milgrom

A general account of MOND theory is given. I start with the basic tenets of MOND, which posit departure from standard dynamics in the limit of low acceleration -- below an acceleration constant a0 -- where dynamics become scale invariant. I…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-02-16 Mordehai Milgrom

Accepting that galactic mass discrepancies are due to modified dynamics, I show why it is specifically the MOND paradigm that is pointed to cogently. MOND is thus discussed here as a special case of a larger class of modified dynamics…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-10-13 Mordehai Milgrom

MOND predicts a number of laws that galactic systems should obey irrespective of their complicated, haphazard, and mostly unknowable histories -- as Kepler's laws are obeyed by planetary systems. The main purpose of this work is to show…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-12-24 Mordehai Milgrom

The cold dark matter paradigm has been extremely successful for explaining a wide range of cosmological phenomena. Nevertheless, since evidence for non-baryonic dark matter remains indirect, all reasonable alternatives should be explored.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Douglas Scott , Martin White , Joanne D. Cohn , Elena Pierpaoli

No more salient issue exists in contemporary astrophysics and cosmology than that of the elusive "dark matter". For many years already Milgrom's paradigm of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) has provided an alternative way to interpret…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jacob D. Bekenstein

Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is an alternative to the dark matter hypothesis that attempts to explain the "missing gravity" problem in astrophysics and cosmology through a modification to objects' dynamics. Since its conception in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-29 Harry Desmond

I discuss open theoretical questions pertaining to the modified dynamics (MOND)--a proposed alternative to dark matter, which posits a breakdown of Newtonian dynamics in the limit of small accelerations. In particular, I point the reasons…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Mordehai Milgrom

MOND is a phenomenological modification of Newton's law of gravitation which reproduces the dynamics of galaxies, without the need for additional dark matter. This paper reviews the basics of MOND and its application to dwarf galaxies. MOND…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Arthur Kosowsky

MOND theory has arisen as a promising alternative to dark matter in explaining the collection of discrepancies that constitute the so-called missing mass problem. The MOND paradigm is briefly reviewed. It is shown that MOND theory can be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-08 Ivan G. Avramidi , Roberto Niardi

Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is one of the most popular alternative theories of dark matter to explain the missing mass problem in galaxies. Although it remains controversial regarding MOND as a fundamental theory, MOND phenomenology…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-10-25 Man Ho Chan , Ka Chung Law

The paper re-examines the principal methodological questions, arising in the debate over the cosmological standard model's postulate of Dark Matter vs. rivalling proposals that modify standard (Newtonian and general-relativistic)…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Patrick M. Duerr , William J. Wolf

In our current cosmological model, the main constituents of the Universe are dark matter and dark energy, whose nature is unknown, and for which there is no place in the standard model of particle physics. How to include dark matter and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Luc Blanchet , Francoise Combes

MOND-- modified Newtonian dynamics-- may be viewed as an algorithm for calculating the distribution of force in an astronomical object from the observed distribution of baryonic matter. The fact that it works for galaxies is quite…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-06-17 R. H. Sanders

I review briefly different aspects of the MOND paradigm, with emphasis on phenomenology, epitomized here by many MOND laws of galactic motion--analogous to Kepler's laws of planetary motion. I then comment on the possible roots of MOND in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-03-10 Mordehai Milgrom

MOND, invented by Milgrom, is a phenomenological scheme whose basic premise is that the visible matter distribution in a galaxy or cluster of galaxies alone determines its dynamics. MOND fits many observations surprisingly well. Could it be…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jacob D. Bekenstein
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