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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a landmark draft guidance in January 2026 on the use of Bayesian methodology to support primary inference in clinical trials of drugs and biological products. For sponsors, the central…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-22 Yuan Ji , Ph. D

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to transform healthcare delivery through revolutionary advances in clinical decision support and diagnostic capabilities. While human expertise remains foundational to medical practice, AI-powered…

For Artificial Intelligence to have a greater impact in biology and medicine, it is crucial that recommendations are both accurate and transparent. In other domains, a neurosymbolic approach of multi-hop reasoning on knowledge graphs has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Gavin Edwards , Sebastian Nilsson , Benedek Rozemberczki , Eliseo Papa

Artificial intelligence models encounter significant challenges due to their black-box nature, particularly in safety-critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous vehicles. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) addresses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Melkamu Mersha , Khang Lam , Joseph Wood , Ali AlShami , Jugal Kalita

Fairness and accountability are two essential pillars for trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare. However, the existing AI model may be biased in its decision marking. To tackle this issue, we propose an adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Xiaoxiao Li , Ziteng Cui , Yifan Wu , Lin Gu , Tatsuya Harada

The application of deep learning in medical imaging has significantly advanced diagnostic capabilities, enhancing both accuracy and efficiency. Despite these benefits, the lack of transparency in these AI models, often termed "black boxes,"…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Eleonora Beatrice Rossi , Eleonora Lopez , Danilo Comminiello

The problem of algorithmic bias in machine learning has gained a lot of attention in recent years due to its concrete and potentially hazardous implications in society. In much the same manner, biases can also alter modern industrial and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Laurent Risser , Agustin Picard , Lucas Hervier , Jean-Michel Loubes

Bayesian statistics plays a pivotal role in advancing medical science by enabling healthcare companies, regulators, and stakeholders to assess the safety and efficacy of new treatments, interventions, and medical procedures. The Bayesian…

Applications · Statistics 2023-12-04 Se Yoon Lee

As computational analysis becomes increasingly more complex in health research, transparent sharing of analytical code is vital for reproducibility and trust. This practical guide, aligned to open science practices, outlines actionable…

Breast cancer (BC) stands as one of the most common malignancies affecting women worldwide, necessitating advancements in diagnostic methodologies for better clinical outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Samita Bai , Sidra Nasir , Rizwan Ahmed Khan , Alexandre Meyer , Hubert Konik

Curating, processing, and combining large-scale medical imaging datasets from national studies is a non-trivial task due to the intense computation and data throughput required, variability of acquired data, and associated financial…

Artificial Intelligence based systems increasingly use personalization to provide users with relevant content, products, and solutions. Personalization is intended to support users and address their respective needs and preferences.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Laura Schelenz , Avi Segal , Kobi Gal

Because of the increasing use of data-centric systems and algorithms in machine learning, the topic of fairness is receiving a lot of attention in the academic and broader literature. This paper introduces Dbias…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Shaina Raza , Deepak John Reji , Chen Ding

The implementation of medical AI has always been a problem. The effect of traditional perceptual AI algorithm in medical image processing needs to be improved. Here we propose a method of knowledge AI, which is a combination of perceptual…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-11 Yingni Wang , Shuge Lei , Jian Dai , Kehong Yuan

Computer Vision, and hence Artificial Intelligence-based extraction of information from images, has increasingly received attention over the last years, for instance in medical diagnostics. While the algorithms' complexity is a reason for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Christian Meske , Enrico Bunde

This paper presents the most comprehensive analysis of iris recognition reliability in the occurrence of various biological processes happening naturally and pathologically in the human body, including aging, illnesses, and post-mortem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Mateusz Trokielewicz , Adam Czajka , Piotr Maciejewicz

Image anomaly detection (IAD) is an emerging and vital computer vision task in industrial manufacturing (IM). Recently, many advanced algorithms have been reported, but their performance deviates considerably with various IM settings. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Guoyang Xie , Jinbao Wang , Jiaqi Liu , Jiayi Lyu , Yong Liu , Chengjie Wang , Feng Zheng , Yaochu Jin

Systems that answer questions by reviewing the scientific literature are becoming increasingly feasible. To draw reliable conclusions, these systems should take into account the quality of available evidence from different studies, placing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jianyou Wang , Weili Cao , Longtian Bao , Youze Zheng , Gil Pasternak , Kaicheng Wang , Xiaoyue Wang , Ramamohan Paturi , Leon Bergen

Explainable AI (XAI) seeks to transform black-box algorithmic processes into transparent ones, enhancing trust in AI applications across various sectors such as education. This review aims to examine the various definitions of XAI within…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Zaid M. Altukhi , Sojen Pradhan

Would you trust physicians if they cannot explain their decisions to you? Medical diagnostics using machine learning gained enormously in importance within the last decade. However, without further enhancements many state-of-the-art machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Emanuel Slany , Yannik Ott , Stephan Scheele , Jan Paulus , Ute Schmid