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In this work, we investigated the off-shell expansion relation of the Yang-Mills scalar theory. We explicitly showed that the single-trace Berends-Giele currents in the Yang-Mills scalar theory can be decomposed into a term expressed by a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-05-29 Yi-Xiao Tao , Konglong Wu

Up until now, the BCFW technique has been a widely used method in getting the amplitudes in various theories. Usually, the vanishing of the boundary term is necessary for the efficiency of the method. However, there are also many kinds of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-04-06 Gang Chen

We consider Yang-Mills theory in a general class of Abelian gauges. Exploiting the residual Abelian symmetry on a quantum level, we derive a set of Ward identities in functional form, valid to all orders in perturbation theory. As a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 M. Quandt , H. Reinhardt

Pure Yang-Mills amplitudes with all external gluons carrying positive helicity, known as all-plus amplitudes, have an especially simple structure. The tree amplitudes vanish and, up to at least two loops, the loop-level amplitudes are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-07-21 Gustav Mogull

In this paper, we give the general expressions for a special series of tree amplitudes of the Yang-Mills theory. This series of amplitudes have two adjacent massless spin-1 particles with extra-dimensional momenta and any number of positive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-08 Yang An , Yi Li

In this article, we use Ward identity to calculate tree and one loop level off shell amplitudes in pure Yang-Mills theory with a pair of external lines complexified. We explicitly prove Ward identity at tree and one loop level using Feynman…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-20 Yun Zhang , Gang Chen

We investigate the existence of relations for finite one-loop amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory. Using a diagrammatic formalism and a remarkable connection between tree and loop level, we deduce sequences of amplitude relations for any number…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-27 N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr , Poul H. Damgaard , Henrik Johansson , Thomas Sondergaard

We characterise possible identities among the two-loop partial amplitudes of gluon scattering in Yang-Mills theory. We use known amplitudes in an exhaustive search to identify potential new relations. We find two candidate relations which…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-15 David C. Dunbar

Yangian-type differential operators are shown to constrain Feynman integrals beyond the restriction to integrable graphs. In particular, we prove that all position-space Feynman diagrams at tree level feature a Yangian level-one momentum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-02-04 Florian Loebbert , Harshad Mathur

We show that tree-level form factors with length-two operators in Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) theory exhibit structures very similar to scattering amplitudes of gluons and scalars, which leads to new relations between them. Just like…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-03-01 Jin Dong , Song He , Guanda Lin

As an alternative to the usual Feynman graphs, tree amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory can be constructed from tree graphs in which the vertices are tree level MHV scattering amplitudes, continued off shell in a particular fashion. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-07 Freddy Cachazo , Peter Svrcek , Edward Witten

In this article we review, for a mathematical audience, the computation of (tree-level) scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory in detail, in order to bridge the gap in understanding of the subject between mathematicians and physicists.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-25 Shounak De , Dmitrii Pavlov , Marcus Spradlin , Anastasia Volovich

The recently-developed "scalar-scaffolding" formulation of gluon amplitudes casts the Yang-Mills (YM) amplitude as a well-defined Laurent series expansion in scalar variables, valid for any spacetime dimension and helicity configuration. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-24 Jeffrey V. Backus

We propose a new factorization pattern for tree-level Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes, where they decompose into a sum of gluings of two lower-point amplitudes by setting specific two-point non-planar Mandelstam variables within a rectangular…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-02 Alfredo Guevara , Yong Zhang

Recently, by using the known structure of one-loop scattering amplitudes for gluons in Yang-Mills theory, a recursion relation for tree-level scattering amplitudes has been deduced. Here, we give a short and direct proof of this recursion…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-07 Ruth Britto , Freddy Cachazo , Bo Feng , Edward Witten

Yang-Mills tree-level amplitudes contain singularities of codimension one like collinear and multi-particle factorizations, codimension two such as soft limits, as well as higher codimension singularities. Traditionally, BCFW-like…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-01-28 Sayeh Rajabi

Tree-level scattering amplitudes in planar N=4 super Yang-Mills are known to be Yangian-invariant. It has been shown that integrability allows to obtain a general, explicit method to find such invariants. The uplifting of this result to the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-02 Livia Ferro , Tomasz Lukowski , Andrea Orta , Matteo Parisi

We further elaborate on the general construction proposed in arXiv:1812.03369, which connects, via tree-level double copy, massless string amplitudes with color-ordered QFT amplitudes that are given by Cachazo-He-Yuan formulas. The current…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-09-17 Song He , Fei Teng , Yong Zhang

We use generalized unitarity at the integrand-level to directly construct local, manifestly dual-conformally invariant formulae for all two-loop scattering amplitudes in planar, maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (SYM). This…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-05-22 Jacob L. Bourjaily , Jaroslav Trnka

Using BCFW on-shell recursion techniques, we prove a sequence of explicit n-point Kawai-Lewellen-Tye relations between gravity and Yang-Mills amplitudes at tree level.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-21 N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr , Poul H. Damgaard , Bo Feng , Thomas Sondergaard