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We propose and analyze an experimentally accessible Lindblad master equation for a quantum harmonic oscillator, simplifying a previous proposal to alleviate implementation constraints. It approximately stabilizes periodic grid states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Rémi Robin , Pierre Rouchon , Lev-Arcady Sellem

We show that the coherent interaction between free electrons and photons can be used for universal control of continuous-variable photonic quantum states in the form of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubits. Specifically, we find that…

The development of a continuous-variable photonic quantum computer depends on the reliable preparation of high-quality Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states. The most promising GKP preparation scheme is the cat breeding protocol, which can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Olga Solodovnikova , Ulrik L. Andersen , Jonas S. Neergaard-Nielsen

Continuous-variable (CV) systems have shown remarkable potential for quantum computation, particularly excelling in scalability and error correction through bosonic encoding. Within this framework, the foundational notion of computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Sheron Blair , Francesco Arzani , Giulia Ferrini , Alessandro Ferraro

To implement fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) with continuous variables, continuous variables need to be digitized using an appropriate code such as the Gottesman--Kitaev--Preskill (GKP) qubit. The scheme introduced in [K. Fukui…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-06 Kosuke Fukui

Cat states and Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states play a key role in quantum computation and communication with continuous variables. The creation of such states relies on strong nonlinear light-matter interactions, which are widely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Raphael Dahan , Gefen Baranes , Alexey Gorlach , Ron Ruimy , Nicholas Rivera , Ido Kaminer

We develop finite-dimensional versions of the quantum error-correcting codes proposed by Albert, Covey, and Preskill (ACP) for continuous-variable quantum computation on configuration spaces with nonabelian symmetry groups. Our codes can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-28 Yale Fan , Willy Fischler , Eric Kubischta

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill encoding of a qubit in a harmonic oscillator is a promising building block towards fault-tolerant quantum computation. Recently, this encoding was experimentally demonstrated for the first time in trapped-ion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-07 Jacob Hastrup , Ulrik Lund Andersen

Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes are a promising candidate for implementing fault tolerant quantum computation in quantum harmonic oscillator systems such as superconducting resonators, optical photons and trapped ions, and in recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-11 Jonathan Conrad , Ansgar G. Burchards , Steven T. Flammia

Continuous-variable measurement-based quantum computation, which requires deterministically generated large-scale cluster state, is a promising candidate for practical, scalable, universal, and fault-tolerant quantum computation. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Peilin Du , Jing Zhang , Tiancai Zhang , Rongguo Yang , Jiangrui Gao

Quantum repeaters constitute a promising platform for enabling long distance quantum communication and may ultimately serve as the backbone of a secure quantum internet, a scalable quantum network, or a distributed quantum computer. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 S. Nibedita Swain , Timothy C. Ralph

Hosting non-classical states of light in three-dimensional microwave cavities has emerged as a promising paradigm for continuous-variable quantum information processing. Here we experimentally demonstrate high-fidelity generation of a range…

Bosonic quantum error-correcting codes encode logical information in a harmonic oscillator, with the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) and number-phase (NP) codes representing two fundamentally different encoding paradigms. Although both have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Kai-Xuan Wen , Dong-Long Hu , Shengyong Li , Ze-Liang Xiang

An outstanding challenge for quantum information processing using bosonic systems is Gaussian errors such as excitation loss and added thermal noise errors. Thus, bosonic quantum error correction (QEC) is essential. Most bosonic QEC schemes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Kyungjoo Noh , S. M. Girvin , Liang Jiang

Bosonic qubits are a promising route to building fault-tolerant quantum computers on a variety of physical platforms. Studying the performance of bosonic qubits under realistic gates and measurements is challenging with existing analytical…

The performance of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes, an approach to hardware-efficient quantum error correction, is limited by the finite squeezing capabilities of current experimental platforms. To circumvent this hardware demand, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Gui-Zhong Luo , Matthew Otten

Quantum resource theories are a powerful framework to characterize and quantify relevant quantum phenomena and identify processes that optimize their use for different tasks. Here, we define a resource measure for magic, the sought-after…

Quantifying the accuracy of logical gates is paramount in approximate error correction, where perfect implementations are often unachievable with the available set of physical operations. To this end, we introduce a single scalar quantity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Lukas Brenner , Beatriz Dias , Robert Koenig

To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from…

Bosonic encoding of quantum information into harmonic oscillators is a hardware efficient approach to battle noise. In this regard, oscillator-to-oscillator codes not only provide an additional opportunity in bosonic encoding, but also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Jing Wu , Anthony J. Brady , Quntao Zhuang
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