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We introduce open games as a compositional foundation of economic game theory. A compositional approach potentially allows methods of game theory and theoretical computer science to be applied to large-scale economic models for which…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-16 Neil Ghani , Jules Hedges , Viktor Winschel , Philipp Zahn

We extend the open games framework for compositional game theory to encompass also mixed strategies, making essential use of the discrete probability distribution monad. We show that the resulting games form a symmetric monoidal category,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Neil Ghani , Clemens Kupke , Alasdair Lambert , Fredrik Nordvall Forsberg

The analysis of games played on graph-like structures is of increasing importance due to the prevalence of social networks, both virtual and physical, in our daily life. As well as being relevant in computer science, mathematical analysis…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Elena Di Lavore , Jules Hedges , Paweł Sobociński

Compositional Game Theory is a new, recently introduced model of economic games based upon the computer science idea of compositionality. In it, complex and irregular games can be built up from smaller and simpler games, and the equilibria…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Neil Ghani , Clemens Kupke , Alasdair Lambert , Fredrik Nordvall Forsberg

This paper presents a monoidal category whose morphisms are games (in the sense of game theory, not game semantics) and an associated diagrammatic language. The two basic operations of a monoidal category, namely categorical composition and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-23 Jules Hedges

We use a reformulation of compositional game theory to reunite game theory with game semantics, by viewing an open game as the System and its choice of contexts as the Environment. Specifically, the system is jointly controlled by $n \geq…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Jules Hedges

In this paper, we introduce open parity games, which is a compositional approach to parity games. This is achieved by adding open ends to the usual notion of parity games. We introduce the category of open parity games, which is defined…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Kazuki Watanabe , Clovis Eberhart , Kazuyuki Asada , Ichiro Hasuo

We define a notion of morphisms between open games, exploiting a surprising connection between lenses in computer science and compositional game theory. This extends the more intuitively obvious definition of globular morphisms as mappings…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Jules Hedges

The category of open games, which provides a strongly compositional foundation of economic game theory, is intermediate between symmetric monoidal and compact closed. More precisely it has counits with no corresponding units, and a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Joe Bolt , Jules Hedges , Viktor Winschel

Game theory is used by all behavioral sciences, but its development has long centered around tools for relatively simple games and toy systems, such as the economic interpretation of equilibrium outcomes. Our contribution, compositional…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Seth Frey , Jules Hedges , Joshua Tan , Philipp Zahn

Categories of polymorphic lenses in computer science, and of open games in compositional game theory, have a curious structure that is reminiscent of compact closed categories, but differs in some crucial ways. Specifically they have a…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-19 Jules Hedges

Strategic games admit a multi-graph representation, in which two kinds of relations, accessibility, and preferences, are used to describe how the players compare the possible outcomes. A category of games with a fixed set of players…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-19 Fernando Tohmé , Ignacio Viglizzo

The categories of open learners (due to Fong, Spivak and Tuy\'eras) and open games (due to the present author, Ghani, Winschel and Zahn) bear a very striking and unexpected similarity. The purpose of this short note is to prove that there…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-26 Jules Hedges

This work contains the mathematical exploration of a few prototypical games in which central concepts from statistics and probability theory naturally emerge. The first two kinds of games are termed Fisher and Bayesian games, which are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-27 Jozsef Konczer

Game semantics has provided adequate models for a variety of programming languages, in which types are interpreted as two-player games and programs as strategies. Melli\`es (2018) suggested that such categories of games and strategies may…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Clovis Eberhart , Tom Hirschowitz , Alexis Laouar

Relying on recent generalizations of the Fra\"iss\'e theory to a broader category-theoretic context, we study the class of abstract finite games played between two players and show the existence of an infinitetly countable game which is…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Matheus Duzi , Paul Szeptycki , Walter Tholen

The paper presents an evolutionary game-theoretic approach to open access publishing as an asymmetric game between scientists and publishers. We show how the ordinary differential equations of the model presented can be written as a system…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2009-03-27 Katharina Habermann , Lutz Habermann

We develop a symmetric monoidal closed category of games, incorporating sums and products, to model quantum computation at higher types. This model is expressive, capable of representing all unitary operators at base types. It is compatible…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Samson Abramsky , Radha Jagadeesan

The mean field games (MFG) paradigm was introduced to provide tractable approximations of games involving very large populations. The theory typically rests on two key assumptions: homogeneity, meaning that all players share the same…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Mathieu Laurière

We introduce the concepts of Bayesian lens, characterizing the bidirectional structure of exact Bayesian inference, and statistical game, formalizing the optimization objectives of approximate inference problems. We prove that Bayesian…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-10 Toby St. Clere Smithe
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