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Two-dimensional (2D) Dirac states and Dirac points with linear dispersion are the hallmark of graphene, topological insulators, semimetals, and superconductors. Lowering a symmetry by the ferroelectric polarization opens the gap in Dirac…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-07-03 Konstantin S. Denisov , Yuntian Liu , Igor Žutić

When sources of energy gain and loss are introduced to a wave-scattering system, the underlying mathematical formulation will be non-Hermitian. This paves the way for the existence of exceptional points, where eigenmodes are linearly…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-03-15 Habib Ammari , Bryn Davies , Erik Orvehed Hiltunen , Hyundae Lee , Sanghyeon Yu

Dirac semimetals, the materials featured with discrete linearly crossing points (called Dirac points) between four bands, are critical states of topologically distinct phases. Such gapless topological states have been accomplished by a…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-01-20 Xiangxi Cai , Liping Ye , Chunyin Qiu , Meng Xiao , Rui Yu , Manzhu Ke , Zhengyou Liu

Non-Hermitian systems, which contain gain or loss, commonly host exceptional point degeneracies rather than the diabolic points found in Hermitian systems. We present a class of non-Hermitian lattice models with symmetry-stabilized diabolic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-06-17 Haoran Xue , Qiang Wang , Baile Zhang , Y. D. Chong

Exceptional points are found in the spectrum of a prototypical thermoacoustic system as the parameters of the flame transfer function are varied. At these points, two eigenvalues and the associated eigenfunctions coalesce. The system's…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-07-25 Georg A. Mensah , Luca Magri , Camilo F. Silva , Philip E. Buschmann , Jonas P. Moeck

Dynamical encirclement of an Exceptional Point (EP) and corresponding time-asymmetric mode evolution properties due to breakdown in adiabatic theorem have been a key to range of exotic physical effects in various open atomic, molecular and…

Optics · Physics 2019-04-17 Arnab Laha , Sibnath Dey , Harsh K. Gandhi , Abhijit Biswas , Somnath Ghosh

Topological phases arise from the elegant mathematical structures imposed by the interplay between symmetry and topology1-5. From gapped topological insulators to gapless semimetals, topological materials in both quantum and classical…

The most intriguing properties of non-Hermitian systems are found near the exceptional points (EPs) at which the Hamiltonian matrix becomes defective. Due to the complex topological structure of the energy Riemann surfaces close to an EP…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-06-19 Xu-Lin Zhang , Shubo Wang , Bo Hou , C. T. Chan

Superconductivity of a single two-dimensional Dirac fermion offers a natural route to topological superconductivity. While usually considered extrinsic -- arising from proximity to a conventional superconductor -- we investigate when a…

Superconductivity · Physics 2026-04-09 Omid Tavakol , Thomas Scaffidi

We consider spontaneous symmetry breaking transitions of strongly interacting two-dimensional Dirac fermions minimally coupled to mass and emergent gauge field order parameters. Using a renormalization group analysis, we show that the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-04-20 Elliot Christou , Fernado de Juan , Frank Krüger

Exceptional points are a ubiquitous concept widely present in driven-dissipative coupled systems described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. It is characterized by the degeneracy of the Hamiltonian's eigenvalues and coalescence of…

Dirac semimetals, with their protected Dirac points, present an ideal platform for realizing intrinsic topological superconductivity. In this work, we investigate superconductivity in a two-dimensional, square-lattice nonsymmorphic Dirac…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-12-03 Xiao-Jiao Wang , Yijie Mo , Zhi Wang , Zhigang Wu , Zhongbo Yan

We study a class of Dirac semimetals that feature an eightfold-degenerate double Dirac point. We show that 7 of the 230 space groups can host such Dirac points and argue that they all generically display linear dispersion. We introduce an…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-05-11 Benjamin J. Wieder , Youngkuk Kim , A. M. Rappe , C. L. Kane

We show that two-dimensional phononic crystals exhibit Dirac cone dispersion at k=0 by exploiting dipole and quadrupole accidental degeneracy. While the equi-frequency surface of Dirac cone modes is isotropic, such systems exhibit…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-28 Fengming Liu , Yun Lai , Xueqin Huang , C. T. Chan

We present analytical and numerical results that demonstrate the presence of anomalous entanglement behavior on the Dirac Billiards. We investigate the statistical distribution of the characteristic entangled measures, focusing on the mean,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-01-26 J. G. G. S. Ramos , I. M. L. da Silva , A. L. R. Barbosa

Resonance coupling in non-Hermitian systems can lead to exotic features, such as bound states in the continuum (BICs) and exceptional points (EPs), which have been widely employed to control the propagation and scattering of light. Yet,…

Optics · Physics 2022-04-01 Zi-Lan Deng , Feng-Jun Li , Huanan Li , Xiangping Li , Andrea Alù

We study the transient behavior in coupled dissipative dynamical systems based on the linear analysis around the steady state. We find that the transient time is minimized at a specific set of system parameters and show that at this…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-11 Jung-Wan Ryu , Woo-Sik Son , Dong-Uk Hwang , Soo-Young Lee , Sang Wook Kim

Exceptional points as branch singularities describe peculiar degeneracies of non-Hermitian systems that do not obey energy conservation. This work shows that exceptional points can emerge in a topological photonic system, for example, the…

Optics · Physics 2021-07-13 Junhua Dong , Chang-Yin Ji , Qingmei Hu , Bingsuo Zou , Yongyou Zhang

Charge carriers of graphene show neutrino-like linear energy dispersions as well as chiral behavior near the Dirac point. Here we report highly unusual and unexpected behaviors of these carriers in applied external periodic potentials,…

Materials Science · Physics 2008-03-04 Cheol-Hwan Park , Li Yang , Young-Woo Son , Marvin L. Cohen , Steven G. Louie

Dirac points (DPs) are topological singularities that determine the extraordinary properties of two-dimensional materials. They are generally classified by discrete topological invariants, which determine the possibility of DPs'…

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