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Related papers: The Universal Approximation Property

200 papers

This article concerns the expressive power of depth in deep feed-forward neural nets with ReLU activations. Specifically, we answer the following question: for a fixed $d_{in}\geq 1,$ what is the minimal width $w$ so that neural nets with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-13 Boris Hanin , Mark Sellke

This paper concentrates on the approximation power of deep feed-forward neural networks in terms of width and depth. It is proved by construction that ReLU networks with width $\mathcal{O}\big(\max\{d\lfloor N^{1/d}\rfloor,\, N+2\}\big)$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

Neural networks are regularly employed in adaptive control of nonlinear systems and related methods of reinforcement learning. A common architecture uses a neural network with a single hidden layer (i.e. a shallow network), in which the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-18 Andrew Lamperski , Tyler Lekang

We consider in this paper the optimal approximations of convex univariate functions with feed-forward Relu neural networks. We are interested in the following question: what is the minimal approximation error given the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Bo Liu , Yi Liang

This article proposes a Universal Activation Function (UAF) that achieves near optimal performance in quantification, classification, and reinforcement learning (RL) problems. For any given problem, the optimization algorithms are able to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Brosnan Yuen , Minh Tu Hoang , Xiaodai Dong , Tao Lu

Is there any theoretical guarantee for the approximation ability of neural networks? The answer to this question is the "Universal Approximation Theorem for Neural Networks". This theorem states that a neural network is dense in a certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Takato Nishijima

We study the approximation of the median of $d$ inputs using ReLU neural networks. We present depth-width tradeoffs under several settings, culminating in a constant-depth, linear-width construction that achieves exponentially small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Abhigyan Dutta , Itay Safran , Paul Valiant

The field of artificial neural networks is expected to strongly benefit from recent developments of quantum computers. In particular, quantum machine learning, a class of quantum algorithms which exploit qubits for creating trainable neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-12 Marco Maronese , Claudio Destri , Enrico Prati

Modelling functions of sets, or equivalently, permutation-invariant functions, is a long-standing challenge in machine learning. Deep Sets is a popular method which is known to be a universal approximator for continuous set functions. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Edward Wagstaff , Fabian B. Fuchs , Martin Engelcke , Michael A. Osborne , Ingmar Posner

Random feature (RF) method is a powerful kernel approximation technique, but is typically equipped with fixed activation functions, limiting its adaptability across diverse tasks. To overcome this limitation, we introduce the Random Feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Zailin Ma , Jiansheng Yang , Yaodong Yang

The classical Universal Approximation Theorem holds for neural networks of arbitrary width and bounded depth. Here we consider the natural `dual' scenario for networks of bounded width and arbitrary depth. Precisely, let $n$ be the number…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Patrick Kidger , Terry Lyons

Deep neural networks come in many sizes and architectures. The choice of architecture, in conjunction with the dataset and learning algorithm, is commonly understood to affect the learned neural representations. Yet, recent results have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Loek van Rossem , Andrew M. Saxe

We present a constructive universal approximation theorem for learning machines equipped with joint-group-equivariant feature maps, called the joint-equivariant machines, based on the group representation theory. ``Constructive'' here…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Sho Sonoda , Yuka Hashimoto , Isao Ishikawa , Masahiro Ikeda

We study universal approximation of continuous functionals on compact subsets of products of Hilbert spaces. We prove that any such functional can be uniformly approximated by models that first take finitely many continuous linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Andrey Krylov , Maksim Penkin

\citet{farrell2021deep} establish non-asymptotic high-probability bounds for general deep feedforward neural network (with rectified linear unit activation function) estimators, with \citet[Theorem 1]{farrell2021deep} achieving a suboptimal…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-11 Zhaoji Tang

Feed-forward networks can be interpreted as mappings with linear decision surfaces at the level of the last layer. We investigate how the tangent space of the network can be exploited to refine the decision in case of ReLU (Rectified Linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Dániel Rácz , Bálint Daróczy

Existing theoretical universal algorithmic intelligence models are not practically realizable. More pragmatic approach to artificial general intelligence is based on cognitive architectures, which are, however, non-universal in sense that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-09-20 Alexey Potapov , Sergey Rodionov , Andrew Myasnikov , Galymzhan Begimov

We present a complete theoretical and empirical framework establishing feedforward neural networks as universal finite-state machines (N-FSMs). Our results prove that finite-depth ReLU and threshold networks can exactly simulate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sahil Rajesh Dhayalkar

Function approximation has been an indispensable component in modern reinforcement learning algorithms designed to tackle problems with large state spaces in high dimensions. This paper reviews recent results on error analysis for these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Jihao Long , Jiequn Han

One of the theoretical pillars that sustain certain machine learning models are universal approximation theorems, which prove that they can approximate all functions from a function class to arbitrary precision. Independently, classical…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-04-28 Tobias Reinhart , Gemma De les Coves