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Quantum error correction uses the measurement of syndromes and classical decoding algorithms to estimate the location and type of errors while protecting the encoded quantum bits. Here we consider how prior information and Bayesian updates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Jonathan Kunjummen , Jacob M. Taylor

Traditional quantum error correction involves the redundant encoding of k quantum bits using n quantum bits to allow the detection and correction of any t bit error. The smallest general t=1 code requires n=5 for k=1. However, the dominant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 I. L. Chuang , Debbie W. Leung , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

We report an algorithm, based on quantum optics formulation, where a coherent state is used as the elementary quantum resource for the image representation. We provide an architecture with constituent optical elements in linear order with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Vivek Mehta , Sonali Jana , Utpal Roy

Quantum-information processing and computation with bosonic qubits are corruptible by noise channels. Using interferometers and photon-subtraction gadgets (PSGs) accompanied by linear amplification and attenuation, we establish…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Y. S. Teo , S. U. Shringarpure , S. Cho , H. Jeong

Quantum error correction (QEC) enables reliable computation on noisy hardware by encoding logical information across many physical qubits and periodically measuring parities to detect errors. A decoder is the classical algorithm that uses…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Abtin Molavi , Feras Saad , Aws Albarghouthi

The decoy-state method is widely used in practical quantum key distribution systems to replace ideal single photon sources with realistic light sources by varying intensities. Instead of active modulation, the passive decoy-state method…

Quantum optical neural networks (QONNs) enable information processing beyond classical limits by exploiting the advantages of classical and quantum optics. However, simulation of large-scale bosonic lattices remains a significant challenge…

Operator quantum error-correction is a technique for robustly storing quantum information in the presence of noise. It generalizes the standard theory of quantum error-correction, and provides a unified framework for topics such as quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Michael A. Nielsen , David Poulin

The so-called NOON states are quantum optical resources known to be useful especially for quantum lithography and metrology. At the same time, they are known to be very sensitive to photon losses and rather hard to produce experimentally.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-13 Marcel Bergmann , Peter van Loock

The quantum statistical fluctuations of the electromagnetic field establish a limit, known as the shot-noise limit, on the sensitivity of optical measurements performed with classical technologies. However, quantum technologies are not…

Bosonic encodings of quantum information offer hardware-efficient, noise-biased approaches to quantum error correction relative to qubit register encodings. Implementations have focused in particular on error correction of stored, idle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Owen C. Wetherbee , Saswata Roy , Baptiste Royer , Valla Fatemi

Extracting information efficiently from quantum systems is a major component of quantum information processing tasks. Randomized measurements, or classical shadows, enable predicting many properties of arbitrary quantum states using few…

Bosonic quantum error correcting codes are primarily designed to protect against single-photon loss. To correct for this type of error, one can encode the logical qubit in code spaces with a definite photon parity, such as cat codes or…

Universal quantum computation is striking for its unprecedented capability in processing information, but its scalability is challenging in practice because of the inevitable environment noise. Although quantum error correction (QEC)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-11 Y. Ma , Y. Xu , X. Mu , W. Cai , L. Hu , W. Wang , X. Pan , H. Wang , Y. P. Song , C. -L. Zou , L. Sun

Noise poses a challenge for any real-world implementation in quantum information science. The theory of quantum error correction deals with this problem via methods to encode and recover quantum information in a way that is resilient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-10 Kurt M. Schreiter , Aron Pasieka , Rainer Kaltenbaek , Kevin J. Resch , David W. Kribs

Quantum error mitigation is essential for computing on the noisy quantum computer with a limited number of qubits. In this paper, we propose a practical protocol of error mitigation by virtually purifying the quantum state without qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-02 Mingxia Huo , Ying Li

Photonic quantum metrology harnesses quantum states of light, such as NOON or Twin-Fock states, to measure unknown parameters beyond classical precision limits. Current protocols suffer from two severe limitations that preclude their…

Quantum error correction allows to actively correct errors occurring in a quantum computation when the noise is weak enough. To make this error correction competitive information about the specific noise is required. Traditionally, this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Thomas Wagner , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß , Martin Kliesch

Active quantum error correction is a central ingredient to achieve robust quantum processors. In this paper we investigate the potential of quantum machine learning for quantum error correction in a quantum memory. Specifically, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-15 David F. Locher , Lorenzo Cardarelli , Markus Müller

Quantum error-correcting codes are constructed that embed a finite-dimensional code space in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of a system described by continuous quantum variables. These codes exploit the noncommutative geometry of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 Daniel Gottesman , Alexei Kitaev , John Preskill