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Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) has emerged as one of the most effective ways to improve the performance of large language models (LLMs) in downstream tasks. However, SFT can have difficulty generalizing when the underlying data distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Mrinal Rawat , Arkajyoti Chakraborty , Neha Gupta , Roberto Pieraccini

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have played an important role in automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text-to-speech (TTS) systems. While reinforcement learning (RL) has significantly enhanced LLM performance in text-based…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Changfeng Gao , Yabin Li , Keyu An , Zhifu Gao , Zhihao Du , Han Zhao , Xiangang Li

In the domain of combat simulations in support of wargaming, the development of intelligent agents has predominantly been characterized by rule-based, scripted methodologies with deep reinforcement learning (RL) approaches only recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Scotty Black , Christian Darken

In recent years, reinforcement learning has been successful in solving video games from Atari to Star Craft II. However, the end-to-end model-free reinforcement learning (RL) is not sample efficient and requires a significant amount of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Yunqi Zhao , Igor Borovikov , Jason Rupert , Caedmon Somers , Ahmad Beirami

Deep reinforcement learning agents have achieved state-of-the-art results by directly maximising cumulative reward. However, environments contain a much wider variety of possible training signals. In this paper, we introduce an agent that…

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful tool for solving complex decision-making problems, but its lack of transparency and interpretability has been a major challenge in domains where decisions have significant real-world consequences.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Muzhe Guo , Feixu Yu , Tian Lan , Fang Jin

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a general framework for adaptive control, which has proven to be efficient in many domains, e.g., board games, video games or autonomous vehicles. In such problems, an agent faces a sequential decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Olivier Buffet , Olivier Pietquin , Paul Weng

Artificial intelligence progresses towards the "Era of Experience," where agents are expected to learn from continuous, grounded interaction. We argue that traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL), which typically represents value as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xidong Feng , Bo Liu , Yan Song , Haotian Fu , Ziyu Wan , Girish A. Koushik , Zhiyuan Hu , Mengyue Yang , Ying Wen , Jun Wang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents often struggle with efficiency and performance in complex environments. We propose a novel framework that uses a Large Language Model (LLM) to dynamically generate a curriculum over available actions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Amirreza Alasti , Efe Erdal , Yücel Celik , Theresa Eimer

Goal-directed Reinforcement Learning (RL) traditionally considers an agent interacting with an environment, prescribing a real-valued reward to an agent proportional to the completion of some goal. Goal-directed RL has seen large gains in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Sharath Chandra Raparthy , Bhairav Mehta , Florian Golemo , Liam Paull

Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) is a combination of deep learning with reinforcement learning principles to create efficient methods that can learn by interacting with its environment. This led to breakthroughs in many complex tasks…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Thejan Rajapakshe , Rajib Rana , Siddique Latif , Sara Khalifa , Björn W. Schuller

Despite the subjective nature of storytelling, past works on automatic story generation (ASG) have relied on limited ground truths for training and evaluation. In this work, we explore reinforcement learning (d-RLAIF) as a post-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 David Y. Liu , Xanthe Muston , Aditya Joshi , Sebastian Sequoiah-Grayson

Robust Reinforcement Learning (RRL) is a promising Reinforcement Learning (RL) paradigm aimed at training robust to uncertainty or disturbances models, making them more efficient for real-world applications. Following this paradigm,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Anton Plaksin , Vitaly Kalev

Dialogue policy plays an important role in task-oriented spoken dialogue systems. It determines how to respond to users. The recently proposed deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approaches have been used for policy optimization. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Lu Chen , Zhi Chen , Bowen Tan , Sishan Long , Milica Gasic , Kai Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL), while often powerful, can suffer from slow learning speeds, particularly in high dimensional spaces. The autonomous decomposition of tasks and use of hierarchical methods hold the potential to significantly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-09-18 Behzad Ghazanfari , Matthew E. Taylor

Reading to act is a prevalent but challenging task which requires the ability to reason from a concise instruction. However, previous works face the semantic mismatch between the low-level actions and the high-level language descriptions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Kai Wang , Zhonghao Wang , Mo Yu , Humphrey Shi

Deep Reinforcement Learning (deep RL) has made several breakthroughs in recent years in applications ranging from complex control tasks in unmanned vehicles to game playing. Despite their success, deep RL still lacks several important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Artur d'Avila Garcez , Aimore Resende Riquetti Dutra , Eduardo Alonso

Interactive Fiction games are text-based simulations in which an agent interacts with the world purely through natural language. They are ideal environments for studying how to extend reinforcement learning agents to meet the challenges of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , Matthew Hausknecht

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) excel at comprehending human instructions and demonstrate remarkable results across a broad spectrum of tasks. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and AI Feedback (RLAIF) further refine LLMs by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Ju-Seung Byun , Jiyun Chun , Jihyung Kil , Andrew Perrault

Humans can leverage hierarchical structures to split a task into sub-tasks and solve problems efficiently. Both imitation and reinforcement learning or a combination of them with hierarchical structures have been proven to be an efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Yaru Niu , Yijun Gu