Related papers: Electromagnetic Energy Balance Equations and Poynt…
We offer a unified approach to several phenomena related to the electromagnetic vacuum of a complex medium made of point electric dipoles. To this aim, we apply the linear response theory to the computation of the polarization field…
This work formulates and gives grounds for general principles and theorems that question the energy function doctrine and its quantum version as a genuine law of nature without borders of adequacy. The emphasis is on the domain where the…
The force density on matter and the kinetic energy-momentum tensor of the electromagnetic field in matter are obtained starting from Maxwell equations and Lorentz force at microscopic level and averaging over a small region of space-time.…
Conservation laws that are based on the divergence of a second-rank four-tensor are fundamentally different from conservation laws based on the divergence of a four-vector. This article investigates the consequences of this difference for…
The motion of a system of particles under electromagnetic interaction is considered. Under the assumption that the force acting on an electric charge is given by the sum of the electromagnetic fields produced by any other charged particles…
We develop a quaternionic electrodynamics and show that it naturally supports the existence of magnetic monopoles. We obtained the field equations, the continuity equation, the electrodynamic force law, the Poynting vector, the energy…
The classical theory of electrodynamics is built upon Maxwell's equations and the concepts of electromagnetic field, force, energy, and momentum, which are intimately tied together by Poynting's theorem and the Lorentz force law. Whereas…
A parameter method is introduced in order to estimate the relationship among the various variables of a system in equilibrium, where the potential energy functions are incompletely known or the quantum mechanical calculations very…
It is considered constraints imposed by the quantum mechanics on the measurement of the density of the electromagnetic energy. First, the energy of the electromagnetic wave and the volume (time) are bound with the Heisenberg uncertainty…
In this study, energy backflow in the Poynting vector, as well as its orbital and spin current density components, has been examined for a 2-dimensional causal unidirectional vector-valued monochromatic electromagnetic wave. Linear…
It is commonly believed as a fundamental principle that energy-momentum conservation of a physical system is the result of space-time symmetry. However, for classical particle-field systems, e.g., charged particles interacting through…
Motivated by recent experiments where interference patterns behind a grating are obtained by accumulating single photon events, here we provide an electromagnetic energy flow-line description to explain the emergence of such patterns. We…
The Schr\"odinger theory of electrons in an external electromagnetic field can be described from the perspective of the individual electron via the `Quantal Newtonian' laws (or differential virial theorems). These laws are in terms of…
The energy and momentum densities of the fields of a free electron in a plane electromagnetic wave include interference terms that are the classical version of the ``dressing'' of the electron the arises in a quantum analysis. The…
The effect of the electrodynamic forces on a charged particle in a propagating plane electromagnetic wave is investigated. First it is pointed out that for constant fields fulfilling the radiation condition there will be an acceleration in…
Electromagnetism becomes a nonlinear theory having (effective) photon-photon interactions due at least to electron-positron fluctuations in the vacuum. We discuss the consequences of the nonlinearity for the force felt by a charge probe…
Turbulent convection is ubiquitous in fluid systems. In particular, multi-physical convection problems involve mass, heat, and particle transfer. When the particles are charged and driven by a high-voltage electric field, both buoyancy and…
Mobile charge in an electrolytic solution can in principle be represented as the divergence of ionic polarization. After adding explicit solvent polarization a finite volume of electrolyte can then be treated as a composite non-uniform…
The energy characteristics of a relativistic charged particle in the field of a plane electromagnetic wave of a given amplitude are studied. The dependence of the particle's energy on its phase coordinate is obtained. The maximum value of…
Electromagnetic quantities such as energy density, momentum, spin, and helicity bring meaning and intuition to electromagnetism and possess intricate interrelations, particularly prominent in complex non-paraxial near-fields. These…