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We introduce a hybrid (discrete--continuous) safety controller which enforces strict state and input constraints on a system---but only acts when necessary, preserving transparent operation of the original system within some safe region of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-22 Gray C. Thomas , Binghan He , Luis Sentis

We propose to leverage epistemic uncertainty about constraint satisfaction of a reinforcement learner in safety critical domains. We introduce a framework for specification of requirements for reinforcement learners in constrained settings,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Lenz Belzner , Martin Wirsing

In this paper, we investigate safety-critical control problem of discrete-time stochastic systems with incomplete information, where safety constraints must be enforced using state estimates obtained from noisy measurements. We develop an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Jianing Zhao , Zhuoting Cai , Xiang Yin

This paper studies a regularized support function estimator for bounds on components of the parameter vector in the case in which the identified set is a polygon. The proposed regularized estimator has three important properties: (i) it has…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-07-26 Bulat Gafarov

The control barrier function (CBF) has become a fundamental tool in safety-critical systems design since its invention. Typically, the quadratic optimization framework is employed to accommodate CBFs, control Lyapunov functions (CLFs),…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Junjun Xie , Liang Hu , Jiahu Qin , Jun Yang , Huijun Gao

Control barrier functions (CBFs) offer a powerful tool for enforcing safety specifications in control synthesis. This paper deals with the problem of constructing valid CBFs. Given a second-order system and any desired safety set with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-17 Mohammed Alyaseen , Nikolay Atanasov , Jorge Cortes

This paper is concerned with path-complete barrier functions which offer a graph-based methodology for verifying safety properties in switched systems. The path-complete framework leverages algebraic (barrier functions) as well as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-30 Mahathi Anand , Raphaël Jungers , Majid Zamani , Frank Allgöwer

We introduce a novel simulation-based approach to identify hazards that result from unexpected worker behavior in human-robot collaboration. Simulation-based safety testing must take into account the fact that human behavior is variable and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Tom P. Huck , Christoph Ledermann , Torsten Kröger

When autonomous vehicles encounter untrained scenarios, ensuring safety hinges on effective safety verification to prevent accidents stemming from unexpected model decisions. Reachability analysis, a method of safety verification, offers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-05 Lingxiang Fan , Linxuan He , Haoyuan Ji , Shuo Feng

Merely pursuing performance may adversely affect the safety, while a conservative policy for safe exploration will degrade the performance. How to balance the safety and performance in learning-based control problems is an interesting yet…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-28 Xinyang Wang , Hongwei Zhang , Shimin Wang , Wei Xiao , Martin Guay

We propose a novel zero-order control barrier function (ZOCBF) for sampled-data systems to ensure system safety. Our formulation generalizes conventional control barrier functions and straightforwardly handles safety constraints with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-10 Xiao Tan , Ersin Das , Aaron D. Ames , Joel W. Burdick

Safety is always one of the most critical principles for a system to be controlled. This paper investigates a safety-critical control scheme for unknown structured systems by using the control barrier function (CBF) method. Benefited from…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-17 Shengbo Wang , Bo Lyu , Shiping Wen , Kaibo Shi , Song Zhu , Tingwen Huang

Motivated by the lack of systematic tools to obtain safe control laws for hybrid systems, we propose an optimization-based framework for learning certifiably safe control laws from data. In particular, we assume a setting in which the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-10 Lars Lindemann , Haimin Hu , Alexander Robey , Hanwen Zhang , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Stephen Tu , Nikolai Matni

We present a novel technique for online safety verification of autonomous systems, which performs reachability analysis efficiently for both bounded and unbounded horizons by employing neural barrier certificates. Our approach uses barrier…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-30 Alessandro Abate , Sergiy Bogomolov , Alec Edwards , Kostiantyn Potomkin , Sadegh Soudjani , Paolo Zuliani

Sensor visibility is crucial for safety-critical applications in automotive, robotics, smart infrastructure and others: In addition to object detection and occupancy mapping, visibility describes where a sensor can potentially measure or is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Joachim Börger , Marc Patrick Zapf , Marat Kopytjuk , Xinrun Li 2 , Claudius Gläser

Feedback optimization refers to a class of methods that steer a control system to a steady state that solves an optimization problem. Despite tremendous progress on the topic, an important problem remains open: enforcing state constraints…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Giannis Delimpaltadakis , Pol Mestres , Jorge Cortés , W. P. M. H. Heemels

When deployed in the real world, safe control methods must be robust to unstructured uncertainties such as modeling error and external disturbances. Typical robust safety methods achieve their guarantees by always assuming that the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-05 Ryan K. Cosner , Preston Culbertson , Aaron D. Ames

This paper addresses the quantitative verification of finite-time constrained occupation time for stochastic continuous-time systems governed by stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Unlike classical reachability analysis, which focuses…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Bai Xue , C. -H. Luke Ong

To provide safety guarantees for learning-based control systems, recent work has developed formal verification methods to apply after training ends. However, if the trained policy does not meet the specifications, or there is conservatism…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-24 Puja Chaudhury , Alexander Estornell , Michael Everett

Certifying safety in dynamical systems is crucial, but barrier certificates - widely used to verify that system trajectories remain within a safe region - typically require explicit system models. When dynamics are unknown, data-driven…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-16 Robert Lefringhausen , Sami Leon Noel Aziz Hanna , Elias August , Sandra Hirche