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The voter model is a simple agent-based model to mimic opinion dynamics in social networks: a randomly chosen agent adopts the opinion of a randomly chosen neighbour. This process is repeated until a consensus emerges. Although the basic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-06-06 Michael T. Gastner , Beáta Oborny , Máté Gulyás

We propose a general concealed voter model (GCVM), in which individuals interact in two layers and can exchange their opinions in the internal layer. This interaction is not allowed in a concealed voter model (CVM). By exchanging opinions…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-10-17 Chi Zhao , Elena Parilina

We introduce the incremental voter model (IVM), a discrete-opinion multi-agent system where agents undergo step-wise transitions biased by the opinion of a randomly selected persuader. Our incremental voter model comprises a large…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Fei Cao , Xiaoqian Gong

We introduce the heterogeneous voter model (HVM), in which each agent has its own intrinsic rate to change state, reflective of the heterogeneity of real people, and the partisan voter model (PVM), in which each agent has an innate and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-08-04 Naoki Masuda , N. Gibert , S. Redner

The voter model is a classical interacting particle system modelling how consensus is formed across a network. We analyse the time to consensus for the voter model when the underlying graph is a subcritical scale-free random graph.…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-02 John Fernley , Marcel Ortgiese

Recently some two-dimensional models with double symmetric absorbing states were shown to share the same critical behaviour that was called the voter universality class. We show, that for an absorbing-states Potts model with finite but…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Michel Droz , Antonio L. Ferreira , Adam Lipowski

We analyse optimal voting weights in two-tier voting systems. In our model, the overall population (or union) is split in groups (or member states) of different sizes. The individuals comprising the overall population constitute the first…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-09-28 Werner Kirsch , Gabor Toth

In this paper, we extend the voter model (VM) and the threshold voter model (TVM) to include external influences modelled as a jump process. We study the newly-formulated models both analytically and computationally, employing diffusion…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-11-01 Jimit Majmudar , Stephen M. Krone , Bert O. Baumgaertner , Rebecca C. Tyson

Opinion diffusion is a crucial phenomenon in social networks, often underlying the way in which a collective of agents develops a consensus on relevant decisions. The voter model is a well-known theoretical model to study opinion spreading…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Luca Becchetti , Vincenzo Bonifaci , Emilio Cruciani , Francesco Pasquale

Social choice is replete with various settings including single-winner voting, multi-winner voting, probabilistic voting, multiple referenda, and public decision making. We study a general model of social choice called Sub-Committee Voting…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-17 Haris Aziz , Barton E. Lee

We discuss voting scenarios in which the set of voters (agents) and the set of alternatives are the same; that is, voters select a single representative from among themselves. Such a scenario happens, for instance, when a committee selects…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Yakov Babichenko , Oren Dean , Moshe Tennenholtz

Consider the voter model on a box of side length $L$ (in the triangular lattice) with boundary votes fixed forever as type 0 or type 1 on two different halves of the boundary. Motivated by analogous questions in percolation, we study…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-22 Mark Holmes , Yevhen Mohylevskyy , Charles M. Newman

The constrained voter model describes the dynamics of opinions in a population of individuals located on a connected graph. Each agent is characterized by her opinion, where the set of opinions is represented by a finite sequence of…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-10-02 Nicolas Lanchier , Stylianos Scarlatos

Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs) are a tool from explainable AI, offering a promising approach for understanding how human-understandable concepts are encoded in a model's latent spaces. They are computed from hidden-layer activations of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-28 Ekkehard Schnoor , Malik Tiomoko , Jawher Said , Alex Jung , Wojciech Samek

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integral to information dissemination and decision-making processes. Given their growing societal influence, understanding potential biases, particularly within the political domain, is crucial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Konrad Löhr , Shuzhou Yuan , Michael Färber

We describe a generalization of the voter model on complex networks that encompasses different sources of degree-related heterogeneity and that is amenable to direct analytical solution by applying the standard methods of heterogeneous…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-06-15 Paolo Moretti , Andrea Baronchelli , Michele Starnini , Romualdo Pastor-Satorras

We introduce the Multiscale Voter Model (MVM) to investigate clan influence at multiple scale -- family, neighborhood, political party... -- in opinion formation on real complex networks. Clans, consisting of similar nodes, are constructed…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-11-23 Elisenda Ortiz , M. Ángeles Serrano

Two of the main factors shaping an individual's opinion are social coordination and personal preferences, or personal biases. To understand the role of those and that of the topology of the network of interactions, we study an extension of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-06-07 Filippo Zimmaro , Pierluigi Contucci , János Kertész

In the voter and many other opinion formation models, agents are assumed to behave as congregators (also called the conformists); they are attracted to the opinions of others. In this study, I investigate linear extensions of the voter…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-11-06 Naoki Masuda

Hidden-variable models aim to reproduce the results of quantum theory and to satisfy our classical intuition. Their refutation is usually based on deriving predictions that are different from those of quantum mechanics. Here instead we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-05 Radu Ionicioiu , Robert B. Mann , Daniel R. Terno
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