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Shannon's entropy is a definitive lower bound for statistical compression. Unfortunately, no such clear measure exists for the compressibility of repetitive strings. Thus, ad hoc measures are employed to estimate the repetitiveness of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Giulia Bernardini , Gabriele Fici , Paweł Gawrychowski , Solon P. Pissis

The size $b$ of the smallest bidirectional macro scheme, which is arguably the most general copy-paste scheme to generate a given sequence, is considered to be the strictest reachable measure of repetitiveness. It is strictly lower-bounded…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Gonzalo Navarro , Cristian Urbina

Detecting and measuring repetitiveness of strings is a problem that has been extensively studied in data compression and text indexing. However, when the data are structured in a non-linear way, like in the context of two-dimensional…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Giuseppe Romana , Marinella Sciortino , Cristian Urbina

The problem of detecting and measuring the repetitiveness of one-dimensional strings has been extensively studied in data compression and text indexing. Our understanding of these issues has been significantly improved by the introduction…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Lorenzo Carfagna , Giovanni Manzini , Giuseppe Romana , Marinella Sciortino , Cristian Urbina

We describe the first self-indexes able to count and locate pattern occurrences in optimal time within a space bounded by the size of the most popular dictionary compressors. To achieve this result we combine several recent findings,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Anders Roy Christiansen , Mikko Berggren Ettienne , Tomasz Kociumaka , Gonzalo Navarro , Nicola Prezza

Two recent lower bounds on the compressibility of repetitive sequences, $\delta \le \gamma$, have received much attention. It has been shown that a length-$n$ string $S$ over an alphabet of size $\sigma$ can be represented within the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Tomasz Kociumaka , Gonzalo Navarro , Francisco Olivares

In this paper we extend to two-dimensional data two recently introduced one-dimensional compressibility measures: the $\gamma$ measure defined in terms of the smallest string attractor, and the $\delta$ measure defined in terms of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Lorenzo Carfagna , Giovanni Manzini

Computing the {\em matching statistics} of a string $P[1..m]$ with respect to a text $T[1..n]$ is a fundamental problem which has application to genome sequence comparison. In this paper, we study the problem of computing the matching…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Younan Gao

We show that the size $\gamma(t_n)$ of the smallest string attractor of the $n$th Thue-Morse word $t_n$ is 4 for any $n\geq 4$, disproving the conjecture by Mantaci et al. [ICTCS 2019] that it is $n$. We also show that $\delta(t_n) =…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Kanaru Kutsukake , Takuya Matsumoto , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

Shannon's entropy is a clear lower bound for statistical compression. The situation is not so well understood for dictionary-based compression. A plausible lower bound is $b$, the least number of phrases of a general bidirectional parse of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Gonzalo Navarro , Carlos Ochoa , Nicola Prezza

Let $S_{T}(k)$ denote the set of distinct substrings of length $k$ in a string $T$, then the $k$-th substring complexity is defined by its cardinality $|S_{T}(k)|$. Recently, $\delta = \max \{ |S_{T}(k)| / k : k \ge 1 \}$ is shown to be a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Akiyoshi Kawamoto , Tomohiro I

An L-system (for lossless compression) is a CPD0L-system extended with two parameters $d$ and $n$, which determines unambiguously a string $w = \tau(\varphi^d(s))[1:n]$, where $\varphi$ is the morphism of the system, $s$ is its axiom, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Gonzalo Navarro , Cristian Urbina

The sensitivity of a string compression algorithm $C$ asks how much the output size $C(T)$ for an input string $T$ can increase when a single character edit operation is performed on $T$. This notion enables one to measure the robustness of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Tooru Akagi , Mitsuru Funakoshi , Shunsuke Inenaga

The notion of string attractor has been introduced in [Kempa and Prezza, 2018] in the context of Data Compression and it represents a set of positions of a finite word in which all of its factors can be "attracted". The smallest size…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Antonio Restivo , Giuseppe Romana , Marinella Sciortino

We raise the question of approximating the compressibility of a string with respect to a fixed compression scheme, in sublinear time. We study this question in detail for two popular lossless compression schemes: run-length encoding (RLE)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-06-11 Sofya Raskhodnikova , Dana Ron , Ronitt Rubinfeld , Adam Smith

Let $S$ be a string of length $n$. In this paper we introduce the notion of \emph{string attractor}: a subset of the string's positions $[1,n]$ such that every distinct substring of $S$ has an occurrence crossing one of the attractor's…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Nicola Prezza

We consider the problem of computing the Maximal Exact Matches (MEMs) of a given pattern $P[1 .. m]$ on a large repetitive text collection $T[1 .. n]$, which is represented as a (hopefully much smaller) run-length context-free grammar of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Gonzalo Navarro

Suppose that we are given a string $s$ of length $n$ over an alphabet $\{0,1,\ldots,n^{O(1)}\}$ and $\delta$ is the string complexity of $s$, a known compression measure. We describe an index on $s$ with $O(\delta\log\frac{n}{\delta})$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Dmitry Kosolobov

The worst-case additive sensitivity of a string repetitiveness measure $c$ is defined to be the largest difference between $c(w)$ and $c(w')$, where $w$ is a string of length $n$ and $w'$ is a string that can be obtained by performing a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yuto Fujie , Hiroki Shibata , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga

The Lempel-Ziv parsing of a string (LZ77 for short) is one of the most important and widely-used algorithmic tools in data compression and string processing. We show that the Lempel-Ziv parsing of a string of length $n$ on an alphabet of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-07-28 Djamal Belazzougui , Simon J. Puglisi
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