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In economic theory, an agent chooses from available alternatives -- modeled as a set. In decisions in the field or in the lab, however, agents do not have access to the set of alternatives at once. Instead, alternatives are represented by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Paulo Oliva , Philipp Zahn

Using theory and experiments, this paper shows that the difficulty of making tradeoffs offers a parsimonious explanation for a wide range of behavioral phenomena. We develop a model of imprecise comparisons applicable to multiattribute,…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-01 Cassidy Shubatt , Jeffrey Yang

We establish explicit socially optimal rules for an irreversible investment deci- sion with time-to-build and uncertainty. Assuming a price sensitive demand function with a random intercept, we provide comparative statics and economic…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2014-06-03 René Aid , Salvatore Federico , Huyên Pham , Bertrand Villeneuve

We prove an analogue of Weitzman's (1998) famous result that an exponential discounter who is uncertain of the appropriate exponential discount rate should discount the far-distant future using the lowest (i.e., most patient) of the…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2017-02-07 Nina Anchugina , Matthew Ryan , Arkadii Slinko

A possibly immortal agent tries to maximise its summed discounted rewards over time, where discounting is used to avoid infinite utilities and encourage the agent to value current rewards more than future ones. Some commonly used discount…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-07-15 Tor Lattimore , Marcus Hutter

In approval-based multiwinner voting, voters express approval preferences over a set of candidates, and the goal is to return a winning committee. This model captures a broad range of subset selection problems under preferences. Prior work…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Niclas Boehmer , Luca Kreisel , Jannik Peters

Reinforcement learning (RL) typically defines a discount factor as part of the Markov Decision Process. The discount factor values future rewards by an exponential scheme that leads to theoretical convergence guarantees of the Bellman…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-01 William Fedus , Carles Gelada , Yoshua Bengio , Marc G. Bellemare , Hugo Larochelle

A mathematical model of Subject behaviour choice is proposed. The background of the model is the concept of two preference relations determining Subject behaviour. These are an "internal" or subjective preference relation and an "external"…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Valeriy K. Bulitko

In contextual dynamic pricing, a seller sequentially prices goods based on contextual information. Buyers will purchase products only if the prices are below their valuations. The goal of the seller is to design a pricing strategy that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-14 Matilde Tullii , Solenne Gaucher , Nadav Merlis , Vianney Perchet

We consider the problem of learning the preferences of a heterogeneous population by observing choices from an assortment of products, ads, or other offerings. Our observation model takes a form common in assortment planning applications:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-09 Nathan Kallus , Madeleine Udell

Many experimental studies report that economics students tend to act more selfishly than students of other disciplines, a finding that received widespread public and professional attention. Two main explanations that the existing literature…

General Economics · Economics 2024-05-08 Avichai Snir , Dudi Levy , Dian Wang , Haipeng Allan Chen , Daniel Levy

We consider a general class of non-linear Bellman equations. These open up a design space of algorithms that have interesting properties, which has two potential advantages. First, we can perhaps better model natural phenomena. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Hado van Hasselt , John Quan , Matteo Hessel , Zhongwen Xu , Diana Borsa , Andre Barreto

We study an optimal stopping problem under non-exponential discounting, where the state process is a multi-dimensional continuous strong Markov process. The discount function is taken to be log sub-additive, capturing decreasing impatience…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-07-14 Yu-Jui Huang , Zhenhua Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents have traditionally been tasked with maximizing the value function of a Markov decision process (MDP), either in continuous settings, with fixed discount factor $\gamma < 1$, or in episodic settings, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Silviu Pitis

Extensive research shows that consumers are generally averse to price discrimination. However, instruments of differential pricing can benefit consumer surplus and alleviate inequity through targeted price discounts. This paper examines how…

General Economics · Economics 2024-04-05 Alexander Erlei , Mattheus Brenig , Nils Engelbrecht

A basic assumption of traditional reinforcement learning is that the value of a reward does not change once it is received by an agent. The present work forgoes this assumption and considers the situation where the value of a reward decays…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Taylor Dohmen , Ashutosh Trivedi

Discount is the difference between the face value of a bond and its present value. I propose an arbitrage-free dynamic framework for discount models, which provides an alternative to the Heath--Jarrow--Morton framework for forward rates. I…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-07-28 Damir Filipovic

This paper contributes to the literature on parametric demand estimation by using deep learning to model consumer preferences. Traditional econometric methods often struggle with limited within-product price variation, a challenge addressed…

General Economics · Economics 2024-12-16 Kirill Safonov

This study proposes a tractable stochastic choice model to identify motivations for prosocial behavior, and to explore alternative motivations of deliberate randomization beyond ex-ante fairness concerns. To represent social preferences, we…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-05-01 Yosuke Hashidate , Keisuke Yoshihara

This paper shows how we can build a model for transactions when goods are given away in the expectation of a later settlement. In settings where people keep track of their social accounts we are able to redefine concepts like account…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2014-11-10 W. P. Weijland