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We consider the formation of binary black hole mergers through the evolution of field massive triple stars. In this scenario, favorable conditions for the inspiral of a black hole binary are initiated by its gravitational interaction with a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-05-31 Fabio Antonini , Silvia Toonen , Adrian S. Hamers

Gravitational waves (GWs) from stellar binary black hole (sBBH) mergers can be strongly gravitational lensed by intervening galaxies/galaxy clusters. Only a few works investigated the cluster-lensed sBBH mergers by adopting oversimplified…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-29 Zhiwei Chen , Yushan Xie , Youjun Lu , Huanyuan Shan , Nan Li , Yuchao Luo , Xiao Guo

The evolution of Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) initially embedded in the centres of merging galaxies realised with a stellar mass function (SMF) is studied from the onset of galaxy mergers till coalescence. We performed a large set of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-07-18 Fazeel Mahmood Khan , Peter Berczik , Andreas Just

During galaxy mergers the gas falls to the center, triggers star formation, and feeds the rapid growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs). SMBHs respond to this fueling by supplying energy back to the ambient gas. Numerical studies suggest…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 J. P. Naiman , E. Ramirez-Ruiz , J. Debuhr , C. -P. Ma

(abridged) We consider a secular orbital evolution of a supermassive binary black hole (SBBH) with unequal masses $M_p$ and $M_s < M_p$ in a central part of a non-spherical nuclear star cluster (NSC). When the mass of NSC inside the orbit…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-17 Pavel B. Ivanov , Alexander G. Polnarev

Since many or most galaxies have central massive black holes (BHs), mergers of galaxies can form massive binary black holes (BBHs). In this paper, we study the evolution of massive BBHs in realistic galaxy models, using a generalization of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Qingjuan Yu

The capture and disruption of stars by supermassive black holes (SMBHs), and the formation and coalescence of binaries, are inevitable consequences of the presence of SMBHs at the cores of galaxies. Pairs of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-08-23 S. Komossa , J. A. Zensus

We address the orbital distribution of stars in merging nuclear star clusters (NSCs) and the subsequent effects on supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) evolution. We ran direct-summation $N$-body simulations with different initial…

Binary black holes (BBHs) are one of the endpoints of isolated binary evolution, and their mergers a leading channel for gravitational wave events. Here, using the evolutionary code \textsc{StarTrack}, we study the statistical properties of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-04-19 Rosalba Perna , Martyna Chruslinska , Alessandra Corsi , Krzysztof Belczynski

We model for the first time the complete orbital evolution of a pair of Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) in a 1:10 galaxy merger of two disk dominated gas-rich galaxies, from the stage prior to the formation of the binary up to the onset of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Fazeel Mahmood Khan , Ingo Berentzen , Peter Berczik , Andreas Just , Lucio Mayer , Keigo Nitadori , Simone Callegari

We study the orbital evolution of black hole (BH) binaries in quadruple systems, where the tertiary binary excites large eccentricity in the BH binary through Lidov-Kozai (LK) oscillations, causing the binary BHs to merge via gravitational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-27 Bin Liu , Dong Lai

The centers of galaxies host a supermassive black hole surrounded by a dense stellar cluster. The cluster is expected to develop mass segregation, in which gravitational scatterings among the stars cause heavier objects to sink closer to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-15 Shmuel Balberg

Stellar binaries in galactic centers are relevant to several observable phenomena, including hypervelocity stars, X-ray binaries, and mergers of stars and compact objects; however, we know little about the properties of these binaries. Past…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-06 Mark Dodici , Scott Tremaine , Yanqin Wu

Although their existence is not yet confirmed observationally, intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) may play a key role in the dynamics of galactic nuclei. In this paper, we neglect the effect of the nuclear star cluster itself and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-04-15 Barnabás Deme , Yohai Meiron , Bence Kocsis

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) found in the centers of many galaxies have been recognized to play a fundamental active role in the cosmological structure formation process. In hierarchical formation scenarios, SMBHs are expected to form…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Pau Amaro-Seoane , Alberto Sesana , Loren Hoffman , Matthew Benacquista , Christoph Eichhorn , Junichiro Makino , Rainer Spurzem

Black hole (BH) triples represent one of the astrophysical pathways for BH mergers in the Universe detectable by LIGO and VIRGO. We study the formation of BH triples via binary-binary encounters in dense clusters, showing that one-third of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-21 Manuel Arca-Sedda , Gongjie Li , Bence Kocsis

Recent studies show that the eccentricity distribution of wide binaries (semimajor axis $\gtrsim10^3\;\mathrm{AU}$) observed by \emph{Gaia} tends to favor large eccentricities more strongly than the canonical thermal distribution ($P(e)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-19 Yubo Su , Bin Liu , Siyao Xu

The center of our Galaxy is known to host a massive compact object, Sgr A$^*$, which is commonly considered as a super-massive black hole of $\sim 4\times 10^6$ M$_\odot$. It is surrounded by a dense and massive nuclear star cluster, with a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-04-28 P. Chassonnery , R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta

Nuclear star clusters around massive black holes are expected to be abundant in stellar mass black holes and black hole binaries. These binaries form a hierarchical triple system with the massive black hole at the center. Gravitational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-04-04 Bao-Minh Hoang , Smadar Naoz , Bence Kocsis , Frederic A. Rasio , Fani Dosopoulou

Although supermassive black holes (SMBHs) correlate well with their host galaxies, there is an emerging view that outliers exist. Henize 2-10, NGC 4889, and NGC1277 are examples of SMBHs at least an order of magnitude more massive than…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-19 Fazeel Khan , Kelly Holley-Bockelmann , Peter Berczik