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The complete bipartite graph $K_{1,3}$ is called a claw. The properties of claw-free graphs have attracted considerable attention, with research on claw-free planar graphs tracing back to Plummer's work in 1989. In this paper, we extend…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Licheng Zhang , Zhangdong Ouyang , Yuanqiu Huang

In a book embedding of a graph G, the vertices of G are placed in order along a straight-line called spine of the book, and the edges of G are drawn on a set of half-planes, called the pages of the book, such that two edges drawn on a page…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-10-21 Md. Jawaherul Alam , Franz J. Brandenburg , Stephen G. Kobourov

A graph is 1-planar if it admits a drawing in the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once. Let G be a bipartite 1-planar graph with partite sets X and Y. A 1-disk OX drawing of G is a 1-planar drawing such that all vertices of X…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Guiping Wang

An outer-1-planar graph is a graph admitting a drawing in the plane so that all vertices appear in the outer region of the drawing and every edge crosses at most one other edge. This paper establishes the local structure of outer-1-planar…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Yan Li , Xin Zhang

A connected graph $G$ with at least two vertices is matching covered if each of its edges lies in a perfect matching. A matching covered graph is minimal if the removal of any edge results in a graph that is no longer matching covered. An…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Xiaoling He , Fuliang Lu , Heping Zhang

Define a boundary point of a graph which is embedded in the Euclidean plane a vertex which is incident to only one edge. In this paper we consider graphs which are embedded in the Euclidean plane with a finite number of boundary points. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-12 Yashar Memarian

Recently, the problem of establishing bounds on the edge density of 1-planar graphs, including their subclass IC-planar graphs, has received considerable attention. In 2018, Angelini et al. showed that any n-vertex bipartite IC-planar graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Guiping Wang , Yuanqiu Huang , Zhangdong Ouyang , Licheng Zhang

We show that the 1-planar slope number of 3-connected cubic 1-planar graphs is at most 4 when edges are drawn as polygonal curves with at most 1 bend each. This bound is obtained by drawings whose vertex and crossing resolution is at least…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Philipp Kindermann , Fabrizio Montecchiani , Lena Schlipf , André Schulz

A visibility representation is a classical drawing style of planar graphs. It displays the vertices of a graph as horizontal vertex-segments, and each edge is represented by a vertical edge-segment touching the segments of its end vertices;…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2013-08-26 Franz J. Brandenburg

A graph is 1-planar if it can be drawn in the plane so that each edge is crossed at most once. However, there are 1-planar graphs which do not admit a straight-line 1-planar drawing. We show that every 1-planar graph has a straight-line…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Franz J. Brandenburg

We perform an exhaustive search for the minimum 4-regular unit distance graph resulting in a lower bound of 34 vertices.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-01-20 Sascha Kurz

A graph $ G $ is minimally $ t $-tough if the toughness of $ G $ is $ t $ and deletion of any edge from $ G $ decreases its toughness. Katona et al. conjectured that the minimum degree of any minimally $ t $-tough graph is $ \lceil 2t\rceil…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-27 Xiaomin Hu , Hui Ma , Weihua Yang

Let G be a simple graph without isolated vertices. For a vertex i in G, the degree d_i is the number of vertices adjacent to i and the average 2-degree m_i is the mean of the degrees of the vertices which are adjacent to i. The sequence of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-08 Yu-pei Huang , Chia-an Liu , Chih-wen Weng

A graph is called 1-planar if it can be drawn in the plane so that each of its edges is crossed by at most one other edge. In this paper we decompose the set of all 1-planar graphs into three classes $\mathcal C_0, \mathcal C_1$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-16 Július Czap , Peter Šugerek

A graph with n vertices is 1-planar if it can be drawn in the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once, and is optimal if it has the maximum of 4n-8 edges. We show that optimal 1-planar graphs can be recognized in linear time. Our…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-01-25 Franz J. Brandenburg

A graph is 1-planar if it can be drawn on a plane so that each edge is crossed by at most one other edge. In this paper, we first give a useful structural theorem for 1-planar graphs, and then apply it to the list edge and list total…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Xin Zhang , Bei Niu , Jiguo Yu

We determine the maximum number of edges that a planar graph can have as a function of its maximum degree and matching number.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-08 Lars Jaffke , Paloma T. Lima

A graph $ G $ is minimally $ t $-tough if the toughness of $ G $ is $ t $ and deletion of any edge from $ G $ decreases its toughness. Katona et al. conjectured that the minimum degree of any minimally $ t $-tough graph is $ \lceil 2t\rceil…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-16 Hui Ma , Xiaomin Hu , Weihua Yang

An octilinear drawing of a planar graph is one in which each edge is drawn as a sequence of horizontal, vertical and diagonal at 45 degrees line-segments. For such drawings to be readable, special care is needed in order to keep the number…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-12-16 Michael A. Bekos , Michael Kaufmann , Robert Krug

In this paper, by developing several new adjacency lemmas about a path on $4$ or $5$ vertices, we show that the average degree of 7-critical graphs is at least 6. It implies Vizing's planar graph conjecture for planar graphs with maximum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-06 Yan Cao , Rong Luo , Zhengke Miao , Yue Zhao