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We demonstrate how conditional generation from diffusion models can be used to tackle a variety of realistic tasks in the production of music in 44.1kHz stereo audio with sampling-time guidance. The scenarios we consider include…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Mark Levy , Bruno Di Giorgi , Floris Weers , Angelos Katharopoulos , Tom Nickson

Controllable text generation systems often leverage control codes to direct various properties of the output like style and length. Inspired by recent work on causal inference for NLP, this paper reveals a previously overlooked flaw in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Junyi Chai , Reid Pryzant , Victor Ye Dong , Konstantin Golobokov , Chenguang Zhu , Yi Liu

Learning from demonstration has proven effective in robotics for acquiring natural behaviors, such as stylistic motions and lifelike agility, particularly when explicitly defining style-oriented reward functions is challenging. Synthesizing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Kehan Wen , Chenhao Li , Junzhe He , Marco Hutter

Human motion is highly diverse and dynamic, posing challenges for imitation learning algorithms that aim to generalize motor skills for controlling simulated characters. Previous methods typically rely on a universal full-body controller…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yiming Huang , Zhiyang Dou , Lingjie Liu

Large language models benefit from training with a large amount of unlabeled text, which gives them increasingly fluent and diverse generation capabilities. However, using these models for text generation that takes into account target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Dian Yu , Zhou Yu , Kenji Sagae

When applying imitation learning techniques to fit a policy from expert demonstrations, one can take advantage of prior stability/robustness assumptions on the expert's policy and incorporate such control-theoretic prior knowledge…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-25 Aaron Havens , Bin Hu

Model-based policy optimization is a well-established framework for designing reliable and high-performance controllers across a wide range of control applications. Recently, this approach has been extended to model predictive control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Riccardo Zuliani , Efe C. Balta , John Lygeros

We observe that several existing policy gradient methods (such as vanilla policy gradient, PPO, A2C) may suffer from overly large gradients when the current policy is close to deterministic (even in some very simple environments), leading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Chuheng Zhang , Yuanqi Li , Jian Li

Modern applications and progress in deep learning research have created renewed interest for generative models of text and of images. However, even today it is unclear what objective functions one should use to train and evaluate these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-11-17 Ferenc Huszár

Policy gradient (PG) methods are successful approaches to deal with continuous reinforcement learning (RL) problems. They learn stochastic parametric (hyper)policies by either exploring in the space of actions or in the space of parameters.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Alessandro Montenegro , Marco Mussi , Alberto Maria Metelli , Matteo Papini

The ability to continuously acquire new knowledge and skills is crucial for autonomous agents. Existing methods are typically based on either fixed-size models that struggle to learn a large number of diverse behaviors, or growing-size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Jean-Baptiste Gaya , Thang Doan , Lucas Caccia , Laure Soulier , Ludovic Denoyer , Roberta Raileanu

We present a deep learning method for composite and task-driven motion control for physically simulated characters. In contrast to existing data-driven approaches using reinforcement learning that imitate full-body motions, we learn…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Pei Xu , Xiumin Shang , Victor Zordan , Ioannis Karamouzas

Enhancing mathematical reasoning in Large Language Models typically demands massive datasets, yet data efficiency remains a critical bottleneck. While Curriculum Learning attempts to structure this process, standard unidirectional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Boren Hu , Xiao Liu , Boci Peng , Xinping Zhao , Xiaoran Shang , Yun Zhu , Lijun Wu

It is known that reinforcement learning (RL) is data-hungry. To improve sample-efficiency of RL, it has been proposed that the learning algorithm utilize data from 'approximately similar' processes. However, since the process models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Vinay Kanakeri , Shivam Bajaj , Ashwin Verma , Vijay Gupta , Aritra Mitra

Generalist imitation learning policies trained on large datasets show great promise for solving diverse manipulation tasks. However, to ensure generalization to different conditions, policies need to be trained with data collected across a…

We consider the problem of learning control policies that optimize a reward function while satisfying constraints due to considerations of safety, fairness, or other costs. We propose a new algorithm, Projection-Based Constrained Policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Tsung-Yen Yang , Justinian Rosca , Karthik Narasimhan , Peter J. Ramadge

In this work we introduce reinforcement learning techniques for solving lexicographic multi-objective problems. These are problems that involve multiple reward signals, and where the goal is to learn a policy that maximises the first reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Joar Skalse , Lewis Hammond , Charlie Griffin , Alessandro Abate

Reinforcement Learning, particularly through policy gradient methods, has played a central role in enabling reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models. However, the optimization stability of policy gradients in this setting remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Luckeciano C. Melo , Alessandro Abate , Yarin Gal

Reinforcement learning agents tend to develop habits that are effective only under specific policies. Following an initial exploration phase where agents try out different actions, they eventually converge onto a particular policy. As this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Miguel Suau , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Frans A. Oliehoek

Neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) aims at designing problem-independent and efficient neural network-based strategies for solving combinatorial problems. The field recently experienced growth by successfully adapting architectures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Michal Lisicki , Arash Afkanpour , Graham W. Taylor