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The scattering amplitudes of gauge bosons in heterotic and open superstring theories are related by the single-valued projection which yields heterotic amplitudes by selecting a subset of multiple zeta value coefficients in the $\alpha'$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-04-04 Wei Fan , A. Fotopoulos , S. Stieberger , T. R. Taylor

Two-point tree-level amplitudes in bosonic closed string theory are described by a correlation function within the BRST formalism, which respects manifest Lorentz and conformal invariance. In the derivation of the two-point amplitudes, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-13 Isao Kishimoto , Shigenori Seki , Tomohiko Takahashi

Four-particle tree-level scattering amplitudes in string theory are magically consistent with unitarity, reflected in the non-trivial fact that beneath the critical dimension, the residues of the amplitudes on massive poles can be expanded…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-03-14 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Lorenz Eberhardt , Yu-tin Huang , Sebastian Mizera

In this thesis, we study the properties of String theory amplitudes within the framework of Intersection Theory (IT) for twisted (co)homology, which, as recently proposed, offered a novel approach to analyze relations between scattering…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-18 Anthony Massidda

Open string amplitudes at tree level have been studied for over fifty years, but there is no known analytic form for general $n$-point amplitudes, and their conventional representation in terms of worldsheet integrals does not make many of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-23 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Carolina Figueiredo , Grant N. Remmen

We engineer compact contours on the moduli spaces of genus-zero Riemann surfaces that achieve analytic continuation from Euclidean to Lorentzian worldsheets. These generalized Pochhammer contours are based on the combinatorics of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-11 Lorenz Eberhardt , Sebastian Mizera

We study consequences of the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) relations applied to tree amplitudes in toroidal compactifications of string theory to four dimensions. The closed string tree amplitudes with massless external states respect a global…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-08 Henriette Elvang , Michael Kiermaier

We investigate a pattern in the $\alpha'$ expansion of tree-level open superstring amplitudes which correlates the appearance of higher depth multiple zeta values with that of simple zeta values in a particular way. We rephrase this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 J. M. Drummond , E. Ragoucy

We investigate one-loop four-point scattering of non-abelian gauge bosons in heterotic string theory and identify new connections with the corresponding open-string amplitude. In the low-energy expansion of the heterotic-string amplitude,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-08 Jan E. Gerken , Axel Kleinschmidt , Oliver Schlotterer

In theories of closed oriented superstrings, the one loop amplitude is given by a single diagram, with the topology of a torus. Its interpretation had remained obscure, because it was formally real, converged only for purely imaginary…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-01 E. D'Hoker , D. H. Phong

We uncover a Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT)-type factorization of closed string amplitudes into open string amplitudes for closed string states carrying winding and momentum in toroidal compactifications. The winding and momentum closed string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-06 Jaume Gomis , Ziqi Yan , Matthew Yu

We relate one-loop scattering amplitudes of massless open- and closed-string states at the level of their low-energy expansion. The modular graph functions resulting from integration over closed-string punctures are observed to follow from…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-05 Johannes Broedel , Oliver Schlotterer , Federico Zerbini

The monodromy relations in string theory provide a powerful and elegant formalism to understand some of the deepest properties of tree-level field theory amplitudes, like the color-kinematics duality. This duality has been instrumental in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-07-24 Piotr Tourkine , Pierre Vanhove

Plahte identities are monodromy relations between open string scattering amplitudes at tree level derived from the Koba-Nielsen formula. We represent these identities by polygons in the complex plane. These diagrams make manifest the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-04-21 Pongwit Srisangyingcharoen , Paul Mansfield

We study a single-valued integration pairing between differential forms and dual differential forms which subsumes some classical constructions in mathematics and physics. It can be interpreted as a $p$-adic period pairing at the infinite…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-23 Francis Brown , Clément Dupont

KLT relations almost factorize closed string amplitudes on $S_2$ by two open string tree amplitudes which correspond to the left- and the right- moving sectors. In this paper, we investigate string amplitudes on $D_2$ and $RP_2$. We find…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-06 Yi-Xin Chen , Yi-Jian Du , Qian Ma

The open- and closed-string three- and four-point one-loop amplitudes involving massless states and one first-level massive state are computed in pure spinor superspace. For the open string, we show that their one-loop correlators can be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-14 Carlos R. Mafra

We study integrals appearing in one-loop amplitudes in string theory, and in particular their analytic continuation based on a string theoretic analog of the $i\varepsilon$-prescription of quantum field theory. For various zero- and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-11-06 Jan Manschot , Zhi-Zhen Wang

Explicit expressions for one-loop five supergraviton scattering amplitudes in both type II superstring theories are determined by making use of the pure spinor formalism. The type IIB amplitude can be expressed in terms of a doubling of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-16 Michael B. Green , Carlos R. Mafra , Oliver Schlotterer

The traditional formulation of string amplitudes via worldsheet integrals provides a parametrization of the moduli space that fails to expose the complete singularity structure of the amplitudes. This problem is solved by the positive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-02 Carolina Figueiredo , Marcos Skowronek