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Covert channels are communication channels used by attackers to transmit information from a compromised system when the access control policy of the system does not allow doing so. Previous work has shown that CPU frequency scaling can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Manuel Kalmbach , Mathias Gottschlag , Tim Schmidt , Frank Bellosa

GPUs are the most popular platform for accelerating HPC workloads, such as artificial intelligence and science simulations. However, most microarchitectural research in academia relies on GPU core pipeline designs based on architectures…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Rodrigo Huerta , Mojtaba Abaie Shoushtary , José-Lorenzo Cruz , Antonio González

The trade-off between coarse- and fine-grained locking is a well understood issue in operating systems. Coarse-grained locking provides lower overhead under low contention, fine-grained locking provides higher scalability under contention,…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2016-09-29 Kevin Elphinstone , Amirreza Zarrabi , Adrian Danis , Yanyan Shen , Gernot Heiser

Runahead execution is a continuously evolving microarchitectural technique for processor performance. This paper introduces the first transient execution attack on the runahead execution, called SPECRUN, which exploits the unresolved branch…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Chaoqun Shen , Gang Qu , Jiliang Zhang

Machine learning has become mainstream across industries. Numerous examples proved the validity of it for security applications. In this work, we investigate how to reverse engineer a neural network by using only power side-channel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Lejla Batina , Shivam Bhasin , Dirmanto Jap , Stjepan Picek

Recent discovery of security attacks in advanced processors, known as Spectre and Meltdown, has resulted in high public alertness about security of hardware. The root cause of these attacks is information leakage across "covert channels"…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Mohammad Rahmani Fadiheh , Dominik Stoffel , Clark Barrett , Subhasish Mitra , Wolfgang Kunz

Software-exploitable Hardware Trojans (HTs) enable attackers to execute unauthorized software or gain illicit access to privileged operations. This manuscript introduces a hardware-based methodology for detecting runtime HT activations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Alessandro Palumbo , Ruben Salvador

Pseudoinverses are ubiquitous tools for handling over- and under-determined systems of equations. For computational efficiency, sparse pseudoinverses are desirable. Recently, sparse left and right pseudoinverses were introduced, using…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-06-23 Victor K. Fuentes , Marcia Fampa , Jon Lee

Modern microarchitectures are some of the world's most complex man-made systems. As a consequence, it is increasingly difficult to predict, explain, let alone optimize the performance of software running on such microarchitectures. As a…

Performance · Computer Science 2019-03-06 Andreas Abel , Jan Reineke

Microarchitectural attacks exploit the abstraction gap between the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) and how instructions are actually executed by processors to compromise the confidentiality and integrity of a system. To secure systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Marco Guarnieri , Marco Patrignani

Program errors can occur in any type of programming, and can manifest in a variety of ways, such as unexpected output, crashes, or performance issues. And program error diagnosis can often be too abstract or technical for developers to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Zhenyu Xu , Victor S. Sheng

Modern processors deploy a variety of weak memory models, which for efficiency reasons may execute instructions in an order different to that specified by the program text. The consequences of instruction reordering can be complex and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Robert J. Colvin , Graeme Smith

Compilers convert between representations -- usually, from higher-level, human writable code to lower-level, machine-readable code. A compiler backend is the portion of the compiler containing optimizations and code generation routines for…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Gus Henry Smith

Hardware Reverse Engineering (HRE) is a technique for analyzing integrated circuits. Experts employ HRE for security-critical tasks, like detecting Trojans or intellectual property violations, relying not only on their experience and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Steffen Becker , René Walendy , Markus Weber , Carina Wiesen , Nikol Rummel , Christof Paar

Reverse engineering of binary executables is a critical problem in the computer security domain. On the one hand, malicious parties may recover interpretable source codes from the software products to gain commercial advantages. On the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Cheng Fu , Huili Chen , Haolan Liu , Xinyun Chen , Yuandong Tian , Farinaz Koushanfar , Jishen Zhao

Attacks on the microarchitecture of modern processors have become a practical threat to security and privacy in desktop and cloud computing. Recently, cache attacks have successfully been demonstrated on ARM based mobile devices, suggesting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-30 Marc Green , Leandro Rodrigues-Lima , Andreas Zankl , Gorka Irazoqui , Johann Heyszl , Thomas Eisenbarth

The implementation of cryptographic primitives in integrated circuits (ICs) continues to increase over the years due to the recent advancement of semiconductor manufacturing and reduction of cost per transistors. The hardware implementation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Ayush Jain , Ujjwal Guin

Recent work has shown that out-of-order and speculative execution mechanisms used to increase performance in the majority of processors expose the processors to critical attacks. These attacks, called Meltdown and Spectre, exploit the side…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Subhash Sethumurugan , Hari Cherupalli , Kangjie Lu , John Sartori

Micro-controller units (MCUs) implement the de facto interface between the physical and digital worlds. As a consequence, they appear in a variety of sensing/actuation applications, from smart personal spaces to complex industrial control…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Liam Tyler , Ivan De Oliveira Nunes

Multicore is an integrated circuit chip that uses two or more computational engines (cores) places in a single processor. This new approach is used to split the computational work of a threaded application and spread it over multiple…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Reza Fotohi , Mehdi Effatparvar , Fateme Sarkohaki , Shahram Behzad , Jaber Hoseini balov