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In 1947, in the paper "Theory of Braids", Artin raised the question of whether isotopy and homotopy of braids on the disk coincide. Twenty seven years later, Goldsmith answered his question: she proved that in fact the group structures are…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2020-08-07 Juliana Roberta Theodoro de Lima

By evaluating the Burau representation at t=-1, we obtain a symplectic representation of the braid group. We define the congruence subgroups of the braid group to be the preimages of the principal congruence subgroups of the symplectic…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-04-23 Tara E. Brendle , Dan Margalit

In "Homfly polynomial via an invariant of colored plane graphs", Murakami, Ohtsuki, and Yamada provide a state-sum description of the level $n$ Jones polynomial of an oriented link in terms of a suitable braided monoidal category whose…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-07-16 Domenico Fiorenza , Omid Hurson

We provide an explicit construction that allows one to easily decompose a graph braid group as a graph of groups. This allows us to compute the braid groups of a wide range of graphs, as well as providing two general criteria for a graph…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-15 Daniel Berlyne

Let $\Gamma$ be a finite connected graph. The (unlabelled) configuration space $UC^n \Gamma$ of $n$ points on $\Gamma$ is the space of $n$-element subsets of $\Gamma$. The $n$-strand braid group of $\Gamma$, denoted $B_n\Gamma$, is the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2010-04-05 Daniel Farley , Lucas Sabalka

We first introduce the notion of Doi Hom-Hopf modules and find the sufficient condition for the category of Doi Hom-Hopf modules to be monoidal. Also we obtain the condition for the monoidal Hom-algebra and monoidal Hom-coalgebra to be…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2014-11-27 Shuangjian Guo , Xiaohui Zhang , Shengxiang Wang

We show that branched coverings of surfaces of large enough genus arise as characteristic maps of braided surfaces that is, lift to embeddings in the product of the surface with $\mathbb R^2$. This result is nontrivial already for…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-06-09 Louis Funar , Pablo G. Pagotto

The space of monic squarefree polynomials has a stratification according to the multiplicities of the critical points, called the equicritical stratification. Tracking the positions of roots and critical points, there is a map from the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-08-14 Nick Salter

The method of range decreasing group homomorphisms can be applied to study various maps between mapping spaces, includin holomorphic maps, group homomorphisms, linear maps, semigroup homomorphisms, Lie algebra homomorphisms and algebra…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Ning Zhang , Lifan Liu

In this article, we identify the existence of a divisibility relationship between the number of ring homomorphisms and surjective group homomorphisms. We demonstrate that for finite cyclic structures, the number of ring homomorphisms from…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Sonu Kumar , Priyabrata Mandal

We investigate the rational cohomology of the quotient of (generalized) braid groups by the commutator subgroup of the pure braid groups. We provide a combinatorial description of it using isomorphism classes of certain families of graphs.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Filippo Callegaro , Ivan Marin

Let $PB_n(S_{g,p})$ be the pure braid group of a genus $g>1$ surface with $p$ punctures. In this paper we prove that any surjective homomorphism $PB_n(S_{g,p})\to PB_m(S_{g,p})$ factors through one of the forgetful homomorphisms. We then…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-04-29 Lei Chen

In this paper, we generalize the principle of the Long-Moody construction for representations of braid groups to other groups, such as mapping class groups of surfaces. Namely, we introduce endofunctors over a functor category that encodes…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2022-10-19 Arthur Soulié

We describe a class of examples of braided monoidal categories which are built from Hopf algebras in symmetric categories. The construction is motivated by a calculation in two-dimensional conformal field theory and is tailored to contain…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2013-01-11 Alexei Davydov , Ingo Runkel

We continue the program of systematic study of extended HOMFLY polynomials. Extended polynomials depend on infinitely many time variables, are close relatives of integrable tau-functions, and depend on the choice of the braid representation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-09-11 H. Itoyama , A. Mironov , A. Morozov , An. Morozov

This paper is a survey of some properties of the braid groups and related groups that lead to questions on mapping class groups.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Luis Paris

Following an idea of Fr\'ed\'eric le Roux, we define in this paper a family of Hofer-type pseudonorms on braid groups, computing the minimal energy of a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism which fixes a Lagrangian configuration of circles on the…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-09-06 Francesco Morabito

In this paper we investigate the decidability and complexity of problems related to braid composition. While all known problems for a class of braids with three strands, $B_3$, have polynomial time solutions we prove that a very natural…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-07-27 Sang-Ki Ko , Igor Potapov

A map is given showing that convolutions of independent random variables over a finite group and matrix multiplications of doubly stochastic matrices are homomorphic. As an application, a short proof is given to the theorem that the…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-07-04 Yue Liu

We associate to a braided 2-stack ${\cal C}$ a torsor, endowed with a symmetric cube structure (or $\Sigma$-structure), whose triviality is equivalent to the existence on ${\cal C}$ of a fully symmetric monoidal structure. In order to…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Lawrence Breen