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Training machine learning (ML) algorithms is a computationally intensive process, which is frequently memory-bound due to repeatedly accessing large training datasets. As a result, processor-centric systems (e.g., CPU, GPU) suffer from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Juan Gómez-Luna , Yuxin Guo , Sylvan Brocard , Julien Legriel , Remy Cimadomo , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Gagandeep Singh , Onur Mutlu

Robustly estimating energy consumption in High-Performance Computing (HPC) is essential for assessing the energy footprint of modern workloads, particularly in fields such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) research, development, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Luis G. León-Vega , Niccolò Tosato , Stefano Cozzini

Memory-centric computing aims to enable computation capability in and near all places where data is generated and stored. As such, it can greatly reduce the large negative performance and energy impact of data access and data movement, by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Onur Mutlu

GPGPU-accelerated clusters and supercomputers are central to modern high-performance computing (HPC). Over the past decade, these systems continue to expand, and GPUs now expose a wide range of hardware counters that provide detailed views…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Onur Cankur , Brian Austin , Dhruva Kulkarni , Abhinav Bhatele

Training machine learning algorithms is a computationally intensive process, which is frequently memory-bound due to repeatedly accessing large training datasets. As a result, processor-centric systems (e.g., CPU, GPU) suffer from costly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Juan Gómez-Luna , Yuxin Guo , Sylvan Brocard , Julien Legriel , Remy Cimadomo , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Gagandeep Singh , Onur Mutlu

The instruction footprint of OS-intensive workloads such as web servers, database servers, and file servers typically exceeds the size of the instruction cache (32 KB). Consequently, such workloads incur a lot of i-cache misses, which…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Prathmesh Kallurkar , Smruti R. Sarangi

Many modern workloads such as neural network inference and graph processing are fundamentally memory-bound. For such workloads, data movement between memory and CPU cores imposes a significant overhead in terms of both latency and energy. A…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Juan Gómez-Luna , Izzat El Hajj , Ivan Fernandez , Christina Giannoula , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Onur Mutlu

Power consumption costs takes upto half of operational expenses of datacenters making power management a critical concern. Advances in processor technology provide fine-grained control over operating frequency and voltage of processors and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-11-13 Swetha P. T. Srinivasan , Umesh Bellur

Resource demands of HPC applications vary significantly. However, it is common for HPC systems to primarily assign resources on a per-node basis to prevent interference from co-located workloads. This gap between the coarse-grained resource…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Jie Li , George Michelogiannakis , Brandon Cook , Dulanya Cooray , Yong Chen

It has become increasingly difficult to understand the complex interaction between modern applications and main memory, composed of DRAM chips. Manufacturers are now selling and proposing many different types of DRAM, with each DRAM type…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Saugata Ghose , Tianshi Li , Nastaran Hajinazar , Damla Senol Cali , Onur Mutlu

The increasing prevalence and growing size of data in modern applications have led to high costs for computation in traditional processor-centric computing systems. Moving large volumes of data between memory devices (e.g., DRAM) and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Geraldo F. Oliveira , Juan Gómez-Luna , Saugata Ghose , Onur Mutlu

Developing CPU scheduling algorithms and understanding their impact in practice can be difficult and time consuming due to the need to modify and test operating system kernel code and measure the resulting performance on a consistent…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2013-07-17 Neetu Goel , R. B. Garg

With the increasing amount of data available to scientists in disciplines as diverse as bioinformatics, physics, and remote sensing, scientific workflow systems are becoming increasingly important for composing and executing scalable data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Jonathan Bader , Nils Diedrich , Lauritz Thamsen , Odej Kao

Recently, businesses have started using MapReduce as a popular computation framework for processing large amount of data, such as spam detection, and different data mining tasks, in both public and private clouds. Two of the challenging…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-07-30 Nikzad Babaii Rizvandi , Javid Taheri , Reza Moraveji , Albert Y. Zomaya

Recently, businesses have started using MapReduce as a popular computation framework for processing large amount of data, such as spam detection, and different data mining tasks, in both public and private clouds. Two of the challenging…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-03-18 Nikzad Babaii Rizvandi , Javid Taheri , Reza Moraveji , Albert Y. Zomaya

In a computer system, multiple indispensable components-such as the CPU, memory, and others-work together with other essential components to produce an overall effect, which can only be measured on an independently running system. Since the…

Performance · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Chenxi Wang , Lei Wang , Wanling Gao , Fanda Fan , Guoxin Kang , Hongxiao Li , Yuchen Su , Jianfeng Zhan

This paper presents and justifies an open benchmark suite named BEEBS, targeted at evaluating the energy consumption of embedded processors. We explore the possible sources of energy consumption, then select individual benchmarks from…

Performance · Computer Science 2013-10-01 James Pallister , Simon Hollis , Jeremy Bennett

Cutting-edge embedded system applications, such as self-driving cars and unmanned drone software, are reliant on integrated CPU/GPU platforms for their DNNs-driven workload, such as perception and other highly parallel components. In this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Soroush Bateni , Zhendong Wang , Yuankun Zhu , Yang Hu , Cong Liu

CPU simulators are vital for computer architecture research, primarily for estimating performance under different programs. This poses challenges for fast and accurate simulation of modern CPUs, especially in multi-core systems. Modern CPU…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Buqing Xu , Jianfeng Zhu , Yichi Zhang , Qinyi Cai , Guanhua Li , Shaojun Wei , Leibo Liu

Per-Row Activation Counting (PRAC), a DRAM read disturbance mitigation method, modifies key DRAM timing parameters, reportedly causing significant performance overheads in simulator-based studies. However, given known discrepancies between…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jumin Kim , Seungmin Baek , Minbok Wi , Hwayong Nam , Michael Jaemin Kim , Sukhan Lee , Kyomin Sohn , Jung Ho Ahn