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Based on the assumption that the standard Schr\"odinger equation becomes gravitationally modified for massive macroscopic objects, two independent proposals has survived from the nineteen-eighties. The Schr\"odinger--Newton equation (1984)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-23 Lajos Diósi

We incorporate non-local gravitational self-energy, motivated by string-inspired T-duality, into the Schr\"odinger-Newton equation. In this framework spacetime has an intrinsic non-locality, rendering the standard linear superposition…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-14 Kimet Jusufi , Douglas Singleton , Francisco S. N. Lobo

We propose an effective non-relativistic framework in which wave-function collapse emerges as a deterministic dynamical instability induced by gravitational self-interaction and regulated by short-distance repulsion. The dynamics is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 C. A. S. Almeida

Wave function collapse models are considered as the modified theories of standard quantum mechanics at the macroscopic level. By introducing nonlinear stochastic terms in the Schr\"odinger equation, these models make predictions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-02 Jing Zhang , Tiancai Zhang , Jie Li

Selected issues of the concept of spontaneous collapse are discussed, with the emphasis on the gravity-related model. We point out that without spontaneous collapses the Schr\"odinger cat states would macroscopically violate the standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-19 Lajos Diósi

It is often claimed that the collapse of the wave function and Born's rule to interpret the square of the norm as a probability, have to be introduced as separate axioms in quantum mechanics besides the Schroedinger equation. Here we show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-23 Gerard 't Hooft

The basic strategy underlying models of spontaneous wave function collapse (collapse models) is to modify the Schroedinger equation by including nonlinear stochastic terms, which tend to localize wave functions in space in a dynamical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 A. Bassi , H. Ulbricht

We show that inelastic scattering leads to a collapse of the wave function within standard evolution through the Schroedinger equation, whereas elastic scattering will not collapse the wave function. Specifically, we find that the initial…

General Physics · Physics 2024-03-04 Rainer Dick

Is wave function collapse a prediction of the Schr\"odinger equation? This unusual problem is explored in an enlarged framework of interpretation, where quantum dynamics is considered exact and its interpretation is extended to include…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-22 Roland Omnès

Recently there has been much progress in the development of stochastic models for state reduction in quantum mechanics. In such models, the collapse of the wave function is a physical process, governed by a nonlinear stochastic differential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-03 Dorje C. Brody , Lane P. Hughston

A typical feature of spontaneous collapse models which aim at localizing wavefunctions in space is the violation of the principle of energy conservation. In the models proposed in the literature the stochastic field which is responsible for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Angelo Bassi , Emiliano Ippoliti , Bassano Vacchini

The central limit theorem has been found to apply to random vectors in complex Hilbert space. This amounts to sufficient reason to study the complex valued Gaussian, looking for relevance to quantum mechanics. Here we show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-13 P. M. Grinwald

We investigate the problem of metric fluctuations in the presence of the vacuum fluctuations of matter fields and critically assess the usual assertion that vacuum energy implies a Planckian cosmological constant. A new stochastic classical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-06-19 Charles H. -T. Wang , Paolo M. Bonifacio , Robert Bingham , J. Tito Mendonca

A simple and natural introduction to the concept and formalism of spontaneous wave function collapse can and should be based on textbook knowledge of standard quantum state collapse and monitoring. This approach explains the origin of noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-25 Lajos Diósi

Quantum mechanics is an extremely successful theory that agrees with every experiment. However, the principle of linear superposition, a central tenet of the theory, apparently contradicts a commonplace observation: macroscopic objects are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-20 Angelo Bassi , Kinjalk Lochan , Seema Satin , Tejinder P. Singh , Hendrik Ulbricht

Time-continuous wavefunction collapse mechanisms n o t restricted to markovian approximation have been found only a few years ago, and have left many issues open. The results apply formally to the standard relativistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Lajos Diosi

Spontaneous collapse models and Bohmian mechanics are two different solutions to the measurement problem plaguing orthodox quantum mechanics. They have, a priori nothing in common. At a formal level, collapse models add a non-linear noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-01 Antoine Tilloy , Howard M. Wiseman

Modified versions of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation have been proposed in order to incorporate the description of measurement processes into the mathematical structure of quantum theory. Typically, these proposals introduce new physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-02 Edward J. Gillis

The lack of superposition of different position states or the emergence of classicality in macroscopic systems have been a puzzle for decades. Classicality exists in every measuring apparatus, and is the key for understanding what can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-08 Pei Wang

It is shown that, in the non-relativistic limit, causal fermion systems give rise to an effective collapse theory. The nonlinear and stochastic correction terms to the Schr\"odinger equation are derived from the causal action principle. The…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-09-12 Felix Finster , Johannes Kleiner , Claudio F. Paganini
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