Related papers: Towards Cognitive Obfuscation: Impeding Hardware R…

The trustworthiness of AI decision-making systems is increasingly important. A key feature of such systems is the ability to provide recommendations for how an individual may reverse a negative decision, a problem known as algorithmic…

In this work, we consider an inversion attack on the obfuscated input embeddings sent to a language model on a server, where the adversary has no access to the language model or the obfuscation mechanism and sees only the obfuscated…

Given a set of observations generated by an optimization process, the goal of inverse optimization is to determine likely parameters of that process. We cast inverse optimization as a form of deep learning. Our method, called deep inverse…

Transparency is an essential requirement of machine learning based decision making systems that are deployed in real world. Often, transparency of a given system is achieved by providing explanations of the behavior and predictions of the…

Over the past decade, side-channels have proven to be significant and practical threats to modern computing systems. Recent attacks have all exploited the underlying shared hardware. While practical, mounting such a complicated attack is…

Reversible computation has been recognised as a potential solution to the technological bottleneck in the future of computing machinery. Rolf Landauer determined the lower limit for power dissipation in computation and noted that…

Reverse engineering (RE) of finite state machines (FSMs) is a serious threat when protecting designs against RE attacks. While most recent protection techniques rely on the security of a secret key, this work presents a new approach:…

Privacy becomes a crucial issue when outsourcing the training of machine learning (ML) models to cloud-based platforms offering machine-learning services. While solutions based on cryptographic primitives have been developed, they incur a…

Architectural obfuscation - e.g., permuting hidden-state tensors, linearly transforming embedding tables, or remapping tokens - has recently gained traction as a lightweight substitute for heavyweight cryptography in privacy-preserving…

Researchers are increasingly subjecting artificial intelligence systems to psychological testing. But to rigorously compare their cognitive capacities with humans and other animals, we must avoid both over- and under-stating our…

While recent years have witnessed the emergence of various explainable methods in machine learning, to what degree the explanations really represent the reasoning process behind the model prediction -- namely, the faithfulness of…

User studies are paramount for advancing science. However, researchers face several barriers when performing them despite the existence of supporting tools. In this work, we study how existing tools and their features cope with previously…

In the era of the internet and smart devices, the detection of malware has become crucial for system security. Malware authors increasingly employ obfuscation techniques to evade advanced security solutions, making it challenging to detect…

Be it for a malicious or legitimate purpose, packing, a transformation that consists in applying various operations like compression or encryption to a binary file, i.e. for making reverse engineering harder or obfuscating code, is widely…

The goal of algorithmic recourse is to reverse unfavorable decisions (e.g., from loan denial to approval) under automated decision making by suggesting actionable feature changes (e.g., reduce the number of credit cards). To generate…

In this Perspective, we highlight several recent studies that illustrate how inverse strategies using appropriate physical models and computational methods can address complex materials design questions.

Adversaries (hackers) attempting to infiltrate networks frequently face uncertainty in their operational environments. This research explores the ability to model and detect when they exhibit ambiguity aversion, a cognitive bias reflecting…

Coherent gate errors are a concern in many proposed quantum computing architectures. These errors can be effectively handled through composite pulse sequences for single-qubit gates, however, such techniques are less feasible for entangling…

Informatics studies all aspects of the structure of natural and artificial information systems. Theoretical and abstract approaches to information have made great advances, but human information processing is still unmatched in many areas,…

Gate camouflaging is a known security enhancement technique that tries to thwart reverse engineering by hiding the functions of gates or the connections between them. A number of works on SAT-based attacks have shown that it is often…