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We present a novel perspective and algorithm for learning directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from data generated by a linear structural equation model (SEM). First, we show that a linear SEM can be viewed as a linear transform that, in prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Panagiotis Misiakos , Chris Wendler , Markus Püschel

We present a novel form of Fourier analysis, and associated signal processing concepts, for signals (or data) indexed by edge-weighted directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). This means that our Fourier basis yields an eigendecomposition of a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-29 Bastian Seifert , Chris Wendler , Markus Püschel

This article surveys the variety of ways in which a directed acyclic graph (DAG) can be used to represent a problem of probabilistic causality. For each of these we describe the relevant formal or informal semantics governing that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-16 Philip Dawid

We consider the problem of learning the underlying causal structure among a set of variables, which are assumed to follow a Bayesian network or, more specifically, a linear recursive structural equation model (SEM) with the associated…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Anamitra Chaudhuri , Anirban Bhattacharya , Yang Ni

Datasets from several domains, such as life-sciences, semantic web, machine learning, natural language processing, etc. are naturally structured as acyclic graphs. These datasets, particularly those in bio-informatics and computational…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Sandeep Gupta

Causal discovery, the learning of causality in a data mining scenario, has been of strong scientific and theoretical interest as a starting point to identify "what causes what?" Contingent on assumptions and a proper learning algorithm, it…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-23 Gabriel Ruiz , Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla , Qing Zhou

Lots of learning tasks require dealing with graph data which contains rich relation information among elements. Modeling physics systems, learning molecular fingerprints, predicting protein interface, and classifying diseases demand a model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Jie Zhou , Ganqu Cui , Shengding Hu , Zhengyan Zhang , Cheng Yang , Zhiyuan Liu , Lifeng Wang , Changcheng Li , Maosong Sun

Understanding, predicting, and generating object motions and transformations is a core problem in artificial intelligence. Modeling sequences of evolving images may provide better representations and models of motion and may ultimately be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-07 Arnab Ghosh , Viveka Kulharia , Amitabha Mukerjee , Vinay Namboodiri , Mohit Bansal

Neural networks that compute over graph structures are a natural fit for problems in a variety of domains, including natural language (parse trees) and cheminformatics (molecular graphs). However, since the computation graph has a different…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-23 Moshe Looks , Marcello Herreshoff , DeLesley Hutchins , Peter Norvig

We introduce a novel class of labeled directed acyclic graph (LDAG) models for finite sets of discrete variables. LDAGs generalize earlier proposals for allowing local structures in the conditional probability distribution of a node, such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-12 Johan Pensar , Henrik Nyman , Timo Koski , Jukka Corander

Causal graphs, such as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and partial ancestral graphs (PAGs), represent causal relationships among variables in a model. Methods exist for learning DAGs and PAGs from data and for converting DAGs to PAGs.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-19 Nishant Subramani

The dominant paradigm for semantic parsing in recent years is to formulate parsing as a sequence-to-sequence task, generating predictions with auto-regressive sequence decoders. In this work, we explore an alternative paradigm. We formulate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Jeremy R. Cole , Nanjiang Jiang , Panupong Pasupat , Luheng He , Peter Shaw

The use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to represent conditional independence relations among random variables has proved fruitful in a variety of ways. Recursive structural equation models are one kind of DAG model. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Peter L. Spirtes

While dynamic graph neural networks have shown promise in various applications, explaining their predictions on continuous-time dynamic graphs (CTDGs) is difficult. This paper investigates a new research task: self-interpretable GNNs for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Lanting Fang , Yulian Yang , Kai Wang , Shanshan Feng , Kaiyu Feng , Jie Gui , Shuliang Wang , Yew-Soon Ong

We explore if it is possible to learn a directed acyclic graph (DAG) from data without imposing explicitly the acyclicity constraint. In particular, for Gaussian distributions, we frame structural learning as a sparse matrix factorization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-05 Gherardo Varando

A directed acyclic graph (DAG) can represent a two-dimensional string or picture. We propose recognizing picture languages using DAG automata by encoding 2D inputs into DAGs. An encoding can be input-agnostic (based on input size only) or…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yvo Ad Meeres , František Mráz

To represent the causal relationships between variables, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is widely utilized in many areas, such as social sciences, epidemics, and genetics. Many causal structure learning approaches are developed to learn the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-14 Jianian Wang , Rui Song

Bayesian networks are probabilistic graphical models widely employed to understand dependencies in high dimensional data, and even to facilitate causal discovery. Learning the underlying network structure, which is encoded as a directed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-03 Jack Kuipers , Polina Suter , Giusi Moffa

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are a standard tool in causal modeling, but their suitability for capturing the complexity of large-scale multimodal data is questionable. In practice, real-world multimodal datasets are often collected from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuhang Liu , Zhen Zhang , Dong Gong , Erdun Gao , Biwei Huang , Mingming Gong , Anton van den Hengel , Kun Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Assuming a directed acyclic graph (DAG) that represents prior knowledge of causal relationships between variables is a common starting point for cause-effect estimation. Existing literature typically invokes hypothetical domain expert…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-11 Kirtan Padh , Zhufeng Li , Cecilia Casolo , Niki Kilbertus
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