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The Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (mTSP) extends the Traveling Salesman Problem to m tours that start and end at a common depot and jointly visit all customers exactly once. In the min-max variant, the objective is to minimize the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Guillem Rodríguez-Corominas , Maria J. Blesa , Christian Blum

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the classic and hard problems in combinatorial optimization. We develop a new heuristic that uses a connection between Minimum Cost Flow Problems and the TSP to improve on a given suboptimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Steffen Borgwardt , Zachary Sorenson

Hougardy and Schroeder (WG 2014) proposed a combinatorial technique for pruning the search space in the traveling salesman problem, establishing that, for a given instance, certain edges cannot be present in any optimal tour. We describe an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-17 William Cook , Keld Helsgaun , Stefan Hougardy , Rasmus T. Schroeder

We present a physics inspired heuristic method for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Our approach is specifically motivated by the desire to avoid trapping in metastable local minima- a common occurrence in hard problems with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-03-15 Bo Sun , Blake Leonard , Peter Ronhovde , Zohar Nussinov

The Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP), a quintessential NP-hard combinatorial optimisation challenge, is vital for logistics and network design but limited by exponential complexity in large instances. We propose a hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Christos Lytrosyngounis , Ioannis Lytrosyngounis

We describe a hybrid procedure for solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP) to provable optimality. We first sparsify the instance, and then use a hybrid algorithm that combines a branch-and-cut TSP solver with a Hamiltonian cycle…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-22 Vladimir Ejov , Michael Haythorpe , Serguei Rossomakhine

Deep learning has been extended to a number of new domains with critical success, though some traditional orienteering problems such as the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) and its variants are not commonly solved using such techniques.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Wei Shao , Flora D. Salim , Jeffrey Chan , Sean Morrison , Fabio Zambetta

The generalized traveling salesman problem (GTSP) is an extension of the well-known traveling salesman problem. In GTSP, we are given a partition of cities into groups and we are required to find a minimum length tour that includes exactly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-03-30 Gregory Gutin , Daniel Karapetyan

The cost due to delay in services may be intrinsically different for various applications of vehicle routing such as medical emergencies, logistical operations, and ride-sharing. We study a fundamental generalization of the Traveling…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Majid Farhadi , Jai Moondra , Prasad Tetali , Alejandro Toriello

The Traveling Salesman Problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem widely studied in operations research. Despite its simple formulation, it remains computationally challenging due to the exponential growth of the search…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Alessia Ciacco , Luigi Di Puglia Pugliese , Francesca Guerriero

The traveling salesman (or salesperson) problem, short TSP, is a problem of strong interest to many researchers from mathematics, economics, and computer science. Manifold TSP variants occur in nearly every scientific field and application…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Sophia Saller , Jana Koehler , Andreas Karrenbauer

Solutions to the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) have practical applications to processes in transportation, logistics, and automation, yet must be computed with minimal delay to satisfy the real-time nature of the underlying tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Benjamin Hudson , Qingbiao Li , Matthew Malencia , Amanda Prorok

Machine learning has increasingly been employed to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, resulting in the emergence of neural solvers that demonstrate remarkable performance, even with minimal domain-specific knowledge. To…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Chengrui Gao , Haopu Shang , Ke Xue , Chao Qian

We present an application of the tensor network generator-enhanced optimization (TN-GEO) framework to address the traveling salesman problem (TSP), a fundamental combinatorial optimization challenge. Our approach employs a tensor network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ryo Sakai , Chen-Yu Liu

Multiple-TSP, also abbreviated in the literature as mTSP, is an extension of the Traveling Salesman Problem that lies at the core of many variants of the Vehicle Routing problem of great practical importance. The current paper develops and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Vlad-Ioan Lupoaie , Ivona-Alexandra Chili , Mihaela Elena Breaban , Madalina Raschip

This paper introduces a new deep learning approach to approximately solve the Covering Salesman Problem (CSP). In this approach, given the city locations of a CSP as input, a deep neural network model is designed to directly output the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Kaiwen Li , Tao Zhang , Rui Wang Yuheng Wang , Yi Han

We initiate the study of online routing problems with predictions, inspired by recent exciting results in the area of learning-augmented algorithms. A learning-augmented online algorithm which incorporates predictions in a black-box manner…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Hsiao-Yu Hu , Hao-Ting Wei , Meng-Hsi Li , Kai-Min Chung , Chung-Shou Liao

The traveling-salesman problem is one of the most studied combinatorial optimization problems, because of the simplicity in its statement and the difficulty in its solution. We study the traveling salesman problem when the positions of the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-10-18 Sergio Caracciolo , Andrea Di Gioacchino , Enrico M. Malatesta , Carlo Vanoni

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is a popular NP-hard-combinatorial optimization problem that requires finding the optimal way for a salesman to travel through different cities once and return to the initial city. The existing methods…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Kapil Goswami , Gagan Anekonda Veereshi , Peter Schmelcher , Rick Mukherjee

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is one of the most intensively studied combinatorial optimisation problems for which numerous models and algorithms have been proposed. To tackle the complexities, uncertainties and dynamics involved in…