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We propose a novel targeted maximum likelihood estimator (TMLE) for quantiles in semiparametric missing data models. Our proposed estimator is locally efficient, $\sqrt{n}$-consistent, asymptotically normal, and doubly robust, under…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-08-23 Iván Díaz

Motivated by conflicting conclusions regarding hydrocortisone's treatment effect on ICU patients with vasopressor-dependent septic shock, we developed a novel instrumental variable (IV) estimator to assess the average treatment effect (ATE)…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-18 Runjia Li , Victor B. Talisa , Chung-Chou H. Chang

We evaluate the performance of targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) for estimating the average treatment effect in missing data scenarios under varying levels of positivity violations. We employ model- and design-based simulations,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Christoph Wiederkehr , Christian Heumann , Michael Schomaker

The treatment assignment mechanism in a randomized clinical trial can be optimized for statistical efficiency within a specified class of randomization mechanisms. Optimal designs of this type have been characterized in terms of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-03 Wei Zhang , Zhiwei Zhang , Aiyi Liu

In medical practice, treatments are selected based on the expected causal effects on patient outcomes. Here, the gold standard for estimating causal effects are randomized controlled trials; however, such trials are costly and sometimes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-24 Dennis Frauen , Tobias Hatt , Valentyn Melnychuk , Stefan Feuerriegel

Compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging (CS-MRI) seeks to recover visual information from subsampled measurements for diagnostic tasks. Traditional CS-MRI methods often separately address measurement subsampling, image reconstruction,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-08 Zihui Wu , Tianwei Yin , Yu Sun , Robert Frost , Andre van der Kouwe , Adrian V. Dalca , Katherine L. Bouman

The aim is to create a method for accurately estimating the duration of post-cancer treatment, particularly focused on chemotherapy, to optimize patient care and recovery. This initiative seeks to improve the effectiveness of cancer…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Joyee Chakraborty , Mazahrul Islam Tohin , Danbir Rashid , Tanjil Ahmed Tanmoy , Md. Jehadul Islam Mony

Estimation and inference for the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) is a cornerstone of causal inference and often serves as the foundation for developing procedures for more complicated settings. Although traditionally analyzed in a batch…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-10 Ojash Neopane , Aaditya Ramdas , Aarti Singh

Estimating how a treatment affects different individuals, known as heterogeneous treatment effect estimation, is an important problem in empirical sciences. In the last few years, there has been a considerable interest in adapting machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Christopher Tran , Keith Burghardt , Kristina Lerman , Elena Zheleva

Estimating the effects of interventions on patient outcome is one of the key aspects of personalized medicine. Their inference is often challenged by the fact that the training data comprises only the outcome for the administered treatment,…

A targeted learning (TL) framework is developed to estimate the difference in the restricted mean survival time (RMST) for a clinical trial with time-to-event outcomes. The approach starts by defining the target estimand as the RMST…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-21 Man Jin , Yixin Fang

Robust estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects is a fundamental challenge for optimal decision-making in domains ranging from personalized medicine to educational policy. In recent years, predictive machine learning has emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-23 Maximilian Schuessler , Erik Sverdrup , Robert Tibshirani

Targeted maximum likelihood estimation is a general methodology combining flexible ensemble learning and semiparametric efficiency theory in a two-step procedure for estimation of causal parameters. Proposed targeted maximum likelihood…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-22 Helene Charlotte Wiese Rytgaard , Frank Eriksson , Mark van der Laan

As a substantial amount of multivariate time series data is being produced by the complex systems in Smart Manufacturing, improved anomaly detection frameworks are needed to reduce the operational risks and the monitoring burden placed on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Tareq Tayeh , Sulaiman Aburakhia , Ryan Myers , Abdallah Shami

Estimating individual-level treatment effect from observational data is a fundamental problem in causal inference and has attracted increasing attention in the fields of education, healthcare, and public policy.In this work, we concentrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Hui Meng , Keping Yang , Xuyu Peng , Bo Zheng

Over the past years, many applications aim to assess the causal effect of treatments assigned at the community level, while data are still collected at the individual level among individuals of the community. In many cases, one wants to…

Applications · Statistics 2020-06-16 Chi Zhang , Jennifer Ahern , Mark J. van der Laan , Oleg Sofrygin

We propose a novel multi-task neural network approach for estimating distributional treatment effects (DTE) in randomized experiments. While DTE provides more granular insights into the experiment outcomes over conventional methods focusing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Tomu Hirata , Undral Byambadalai , Tatsushi Oka , Shota Yasui , Shingo Uto

We study how to learn treatment policies from multimodal electronic health records (EHRs) that consist of tabular data and clinical text. These policies can help physicians make better treatment decisions and allocate healthcare resources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Henri Arno , Thomas Demeester

Methods for estimating heterogeneous treatment effect in observational data have largely focused on continuous or binary outcomes, and have been relatively less vetted with survival outcomes. Using flexible machine learning methods in the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-07-09 Liangyuan Hu , Jiayi Ji , Fan Li

We introduce a robust framework for heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) estimation tailored to high-dimensional low sample size (HDLSS) settings. By combining Graph Attention Networks (GAT) to capture structural dependencies among…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-16 Byeonghee Lee , Joonsung Kang